Parent support is less effective in buffering cortisol stress reactivity for adolescents compared to children
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The goal of the present study was to investigate developmental differences in the effectiveness of parent support to alleviate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress responses of children (ages 9-10, N = 40) and adolescents (ages 15-16, N = 41). We experimentally manipulated the provision of parent support during the speech preparation period before a modified Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and examined its effect on levels of salivary cortisol secreted in response to this laboratory stressor. Analyses revealed a significant interaction of condition and age group such that social support from the parent (versus a stranger) significantly eliminated the cortisol stress response in children, but had no effect on the response among adolescents.
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Sex differences in stress sensitivity emerge at puberty in humans and other animals, coinciding with an increased incidence of anxiety in women.
“Sex differences in stress sensitivity emerge at puberty in both humans (63, 64) and other animals (20–22), coinciding with an increased incidence of anxiety in women (10, 12, 14, 15).”
From Sexual differentiation of neural mechanisms of stress sensitivity during puberty (2023) · cites this paper as [63]
The Puberty and Social-Developmental Changes During Adolescence section reports studies finding sex differences in puberty-related HPA activity in humans, which supports the human portion of the cited sentence. It also says several studies found no such differences; the Discussion reports no sex difference in cortisol reactivity among this study’s adolescents. The source therefore does not establish that sex differences in stress sensitivity generally emerge at puberty. The animal and anxiety clauses have separate citations in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSocial buffering describes the reduction of both the stress response and release of stress hormones, and has been observed in myriad species and throughout the lifespan.
“Social buffering is a phenomenon that has been observed in myriad species and throughout the lifespan and describes the reduction of both the stress response and release of stress hormones (Ditzen and Heinrichs, 2014, Hennessy et al., 2009, Hostinar et al., 2015, Kikusui et al., 2006, Sanchez et al., 2015, Sullivan and Perry, 2015, Takahashi et al., 2013).”
From Early life adversity during the infant sensitive period for attachment: Programming of behavioral neurobiology of threat processing and social behavior (2017) · cites this paper as Hostinar et al., 2015
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References 122 · Cited by 244
- Authors
- Hostinar, C. E., Johnson, A. E., & Gunnar, M. R.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hostinar, Camelia E.
- Venue
- Developmental Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-06-18
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 281-297
- ISSN
- 1363-755X (ISSN-L)
- 1467-7687
- PMC
- PMC4270957
- OpenAlex
- W2053041505
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 15 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Developmental Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (P50 MH078105)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- parental support, social support, cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, stress reactivity, adolescents, children, developmental differences, Trier Social Stress Test, salivary cortisol
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Aging, Analysis of Variance, Child, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Medical Records, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Saliva, Self-Assessment, Sex Factors, Stress, Psychological
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