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SCN1A‐related phenotypes: Epilepsy and beyond
Open accessAbstract
SCN1A, encoding the alpha 1 subunit of the sodium channel, is associated with several epilepsy syndromes and a range of other diseases. SCN1A represents the archetypal channelopathy associated with a wide phenotypic spectrum of epilepsies ranging from genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). SCN1A disorders also result in other diseases such as hemiplegic migraine and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dravet syndrome (DS) is the prototypic DEE with an early onset of febrile status epilepticus, hemiclonic or generalized tonic‐clonic seizures, and later onset of additional seizure types. Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are normal at onset. Development is normal in the first year of life but plateaus rapidly, with most patients ultimately having intellectual disability. Epilepsy is drug‐resistant and necessitates polytherapy. Most pathogenic variants occur de novo in the affected child, but they are inherited from mosaic affected or unaffected parents in rare cases. The molecular finding of haploinsufficiency is consistent with a loss‐of‐function defect in cells and animal models. Although seizures are the most commonly reported symptom in DS, many additional issues critically affect patients’ cognitive and behavioral functioning. Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare form of migraine with aura, characterized by the emergence of hemiparesis as part of the aura phase. All SCN1A mutations reported in sporadic/familial HM3 are missense mutations. Most of the experimental results show that they cause a gain of function of Na V 1.1 as opposed to the loss of function of the epileptogenic Na V 1.1 mutations. SCN1A and SCN2A pathogenic variants have been identified in genetic studies of cohorts of patients with ASD. In addition, ASD features are often reported in patients with Dravet syndrome and other DEEs.
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“SCN1A again provides a good example with Dravet syndrome arising due to LOF pathogenic variants 169 , and GOF pathogenic variants causing a profound Early Infantile DEE with an expanded phenotypic spectrum 32,33 .”
From Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (2024) · cites this paper as [169]
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Cites
Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence
Rogers, J., Bureau, M., Dravet, C., Dreifuss, F. E., Perret, A. P., Wolf, P., & Armstrong, D. L. (1993) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199307000-00012 · Cited by 1,465
De Novo Mutations in the Sodium-Channel Gene SCN1A Cause Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy
Claes, L., Del-Favero, J., Ceulemans, B., Lagae, L., Van Broeckhoven, C., & De Jonghe, P. (2001) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/320609 · Cited by 1,292
Exome sequencing in sporadic autism spectrum disorders identifies severe de novo mutations
O'Roak, B. J., Deriziotis, P., Lee, C., Vives, L., Schwartz, J. J., Girirajan, S., Karakoc, E., MacKenzie, A. P., Ng, S. B., Baker, C., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.835 · Cited by 1,203
Mutations of SCN1A, encoding a neuronal sodium channel, in two families with GEFS+2
Escayg, A., MacDonald, B. T., Meisler, M. H., Baulac, S., Huberfeld, G., An-Gourfinkel, I., Brice, A., LeGuern, E., Moulard, B., Chaigne, D., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/74159 · Cited by 996
Mutation in the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel SCN1A in familial hemiplegic migraine
Dichgans, M., Freilinger, T. M., Eckstein, G., Babini, E., Lorenz‐Depiereux, B., Biskup, S., Ferrari, M. D., Herzog, J., van den Maagdenberg, A. M. J. M., Pusch, M., et al. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66786-4 · Cited by 852
Scheffer, I. E. (1997) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/120.3.479 · Cited by 758
Self-citationUnifying the definitions of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Nashef, L., So, E. L., Ryvlin, P., & Tomson, T. (2012) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03358.x · Cited by 632
Barcia, G., Fleming, M. R., Deligniere, A., Gazula, V.-R., Brown, M. R., Langouet, M., Chen, H., Kronengold, J., Abhyankar, A., Cilio, R., et al. (2012) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2441 · Cited by 525
Self-citationThe International League Against Epilepsy Consortium on Complex Epilepsies, Abou-Khalil, B., Auce, P., Avbersek, A., Bahlo, M., Balding, D. J., Bast, T., Baum, L., Becker, A. J., Becker, F., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07524-z · Cited by 482
Self-citationCatterall, W. A., Kalume, F., & Oakley, J. C. (2010) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.187484 · Cited by 428
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Guerrini R, 2012, Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence, 1
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Sorted by citations
Zuberi, S. M., Wirrell, E., Yozawitz, E., Wilmshurst, J. M., Specchio, N., Riney, K., Pressler, R., Auvin, S., Samia, P., Hirsch, E., et al. (2022) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.17239 · Cited by 934
Self-citationSodium channelopathies in neurodevelopmental disorders
Meisler, M. H., Hill, S. F., & Yu, W. (2021) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-020-00418-4 · Cited by 210
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: from genetic heterogeneity to phenotypic continuum
Guerrini, R., Conti, V., Mantegazza, M., Balestrini, S., Galanopoulou, A. S., & Benfenati, F. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00063.2021 · Cited by 196
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies
Scheffer, I. E., Zuberi, S., Mefford, H. C., Guerrini, R., & McTague, A. (2024) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-024-00546-6 · Cited by 158
“SCN1A again provides a good example with Dravet syndrome arising due to LOF pathogenic variants 169 , and GOF pathogenic variants causing a profound Early Infantile DEE with an expanded phenotypic spectrum 32, 33 .”
Self-citationSCN1A Mutation—Beyond Dravet Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Ding, J., Li, X., Tian, H., Wang, L., Guo, B., Wang, Y., Li, W., Wang, F., & Sun, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.743726 · Cited by 121
Metadata
- Authors
- Scheffer, I. E., & Nabbout, R.
- Affiliations
- Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Nabbout, Rima
- Venue
- Epilepsia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- S3
- Pages
- S17-S24
- ISSN
- 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-1167
- OpenAlex
- W3000653518
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 3.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Epilepsia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Keywords
- SCN1A, Nav1.1 sodium channel, Dravet syndrome, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, hemiplegic migraine, autism spectrum disorder, haploinsufficiency, loss-of-function mutations, gain-of-function mutations, drug-resistant epilepsy, intellectual disability, phenotypic spectrum, de novo mutations, SCN2A
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Epileptic Syndromes, Animals, Seizures, Febrile, Epilepsy, Epilepsies, Myoclonic, Humans, Mutation, NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
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