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Cited by 421Dysphagia Assessment and ManagementNutrition and Health in AgingMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Sarcopenia and dysphagia: Position paper by four professional organizations

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Fujishima, Ichiro, Fujiu‐Kurachi, Masako, Arai, Hidenori, Hyodo, Masamitsu, Kagaya, Hitoshi, Maeda, Keisuke, Mori, Takashi, Nishioka, Shinta +7 more·2019·Geriatrics & Gerontology International
DOI 10.1111/ggi.13591
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Abstract

This report was written by the Japanese Society of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition, the Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty, and the Society of Swallowing and Dysphagia of Japan to consolidate the currently available evidence on the topics of sarcopenia and dysphagia. Histologically, the swallowing muscles are of different embryological origin from somatic muscles, and receive constant input stimulation from the respiratory center. Although the swallowing muscles are striated, their characteristics are different from those of skeletal muscles. The swallowing muscles are inevitably affected by malnutrition and disuse; accumulating evidence is available regarding the influence of malnutrition on the swallowing muscles. Sarcopenic dysphagia is defined as dysphagia caused by sarcopenia of the whole body and swallowing‐related muscles. When sarcopenia does not exist in the entire body, the term “sarcopenic dysphagia” should not be used. Additionally, sarcopenia due to neuromuscular diseases should be excluded; however, aging and secondary sarcopenia after inactivity, malnutrition and disease (wasting disorder and cachexia) are included in sarcopenic dysphagia. The treatment of dysphagia due to sarcopenia requires both dysphagia rehabilitation, such as resistance training of the swallowing muscles and nutritional intervention. However, the fundamental issue of how dysphagia caused by sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles should be diagnosed remains unresolved. Furthermore, whether dysphagia can be caused by primary sarcopenia should be clarified. Additionally, more discussion is required on issues such as the relationship between dysphagia and secondary sarcopenia, as well as the diagnostic criteria and means for diagnosing dysphagia caused by sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 91–97.

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  • Oral dysphagia becomes prevalent in high ages according to several age-related changes in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus.

    “Oral dysphagia becomes prevalent in high ages according to several age-”

    From ESPEN guideline on hospital nutrition (2021) · cites this paper as [183]

    The “Mechanisms and risk factors of dysphagia caused by sarcopenia” section describes age-related atrophy of the tongue and geniohyoid muscle, thinning of the pharyngeal wall, and associations between reduced swallowing-muscle strength and dysphagia. It does not establish that oral dysphagia becomes prevalent with age or attribute it to age-related changes in the esophagus. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Authors
Fujishima, I., Fujiu‐Kurachi, M., Arai, H., Hyodo, M., Kagaya, H., Maeda, K., Mori, T., Nishioka, S., Oshima, F., Ogawa, S., Ueda, K., Umezaki, T., Wakabayashi, H., Yamawaki, M., & Yoshimura, Y.
Affiliations
  • Seirei Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital (JP)
  • International University of Health and Welfare (JP)
  • National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (JP)
  • Kochi Medical School Hospital (JP)
  • Fujita Health University (JP)
  • Aichi Medical University (JP)
  • Southern Tohoku General Hospital (JP)
  • Nagasaki Rehabilitation (JP)
  • Suwa Red Cross Hospital (JP)
  • The University of Tokyo (JP)
  • Nihon University (JP)
  • Fukuoka Sanno Hospital (JP)
  • Yokohama City University Medical Center (JP)
  • Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (JP)
  • Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital (JP)
Corresponding author
Arai, Hidenori
ORCID
Venue
Geriatrics & Gerontology International
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-01-09
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
91-97
ISSN
  • 1444-1586 (ISSN-L)
  • 1447-0594
DOI
10.1111/ggi.13591
OpenAlex
W2909695165
Cited by
421
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 52 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 25
FWCI
83.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (17H02137)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Dysphagia Assessment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
sarcopenia, dysphagia, sarcopenic dysphagia, swallowing muscles, malnutrition, disuse, aging, cachexia, swallowing rehabilitation, resistance training, dietary intervention, diagnostic criteria, secondary sarcopenia
MeSH terms
Deglutition Disorders, Humans, Sarcopenia

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