The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Happy Ending: a randomized controlled trial of a digital multi‐media smoking cessation intervention
Abstract
Aims To assess the long‐term efficacy of a fully automated digital multi‐media smoking cessation intervention. Design Two‐arm randomized control trial (RCT). Setting World Wide Web (WWW) study based in Norway. Participants Subjects (n = 396) were recruited via internet advertisements and assigned randomly to conditions. Inclusion criteria were willingness to quit smoking and being aged 18 years or older. Intervention The treatment group received the internet‐ and cell‐phone‐based Happy Ending intervention. The intervention programme lasted 54 weeks and consisted of more than 400 contacts by e‐mail, web‐pages, interactive voice response (IVR) and short message service (SMS) technology. The control group received a self‐help booklet. Additionally, both groups were offered free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Measurements Abstinence was defined as ‘not even a puff of smoke, for the last 7 days’, and assessed by means of internet surveys or telephone interviews. The main outcome was repeated point abstinence at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following cessation. Findings Participants in the treatment group reported clinically and statistically significantly higher repeated point abstinence rates than control participants [22.3% versus 13.1%; odds ratio (OR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–3.26, P = 0.02; intent‐to‐treat). Improved adherence to NRT and a higher level of post‐cessation self‐efficacy were observed in the treatment group compared with the control group. Conclusions As the first RCT documenting the long‐term treatment effects of such an intervention, this study adds to the promise of digital media in supporting behaviour change.
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In the citing paper
“Web-based interventions have been found successful in reaching women of lower socio-economic status, a group typically found to be harder to reach [28].”
From Mamma mia: A feasibility study of a web-based intervention to reduce the risk of postpartum depression and enhance subjective well-being (2013) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Most of the smoking and weight loss mobile interventions provided some form of “just-in-time” response based on a prior input, but the frequency or intensity of interactivity varied substantially among these interventions”
From Health behavior models in the age of mobile interventions: are our theories up to the task? (2011) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“He advocates “tunnelling,” or highly tailored pre-determined routes through the intervention, coupled with numerous proactive contacts by the intervention to the user delivered through short message service (SMS), email, or automated phone calls [98,99].”
From Web-Based Interventions for Behavior Change and Self-Management: Potential, Pitfalls, and Progress (2012) · cites this paper as [99]
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire
HEATHERTON, T. F., KOZLOWSKI, L. T., FRECKER, R. C., & FAGERSTROM, K. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x · Cited by 10,738
Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation
Stead, L. F., Perera, R., Bullen, C., Mant, D., Hartmann‐Boyce, J., Cahill, K., & Lancaster, T. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000146.pub4 · Cited by 2,564
Physician advice for smoking cessation
Stead, L. F., Buitrago, D., Preciado, N., Sanchez, G., Hartmann-Boyce, J., & Lancaster, T. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000165.pub4 · Cited by 1,955
Telephone counselling for smoking cessation
Stead, L. F., Hartmann‐Boyce, J., Perera, R., & Lancaster, T. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002850.pub3 · Cited by 1,030
Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation
Lancaster, T., & Stead, L. F. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001292.pub2 · Cited by 1,015
Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation
Silagy, C., Lancaster, T., Stead, L., Mant, D., & Fowler, G. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000146.pub2 · Cited by 972
Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation
Stead, L. F., Carroll, A. J., & Lancaster, T. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001007.pub3 · Cited by 825
Rodgers, A., Corbett, T., Bramley, D., Riddell, T., Wills, M., Lin, R.-B., & Jones, M. (2005) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.2005.011577 · Cited by 732
Nursing interventions for smoking cessation
Rice, V. H., & Stead, L. F. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001188.pub3 · Cited by 662
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Webb, T. L., Joseph, J., Yardley, L., & Michie, S. (2010) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1376 · Cited by 2,517
Heron, K. E., & Smyth, J. M. (2010) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910709x466063 · Cited by 1,438
Persuasive System Design Does Matter: a Systematic Review of Adherence to Web-based Interventions
Kelders, S. M., Kok, R. N., Ossebaard, H. C., & Van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. (2012) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2104 · Cited by 1,308
Text messaging as a tool for behavior change in disease prevention and management
Cole-Lewis, H., & Kershaw, T. (2010) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxq004 · Cited by 1,190
“Notable reasons for exclusion included text messaging being an optional component of a combination technology intervention (42, 43) and lack of a full-text English version of a given article (44).”
Smartphones for smarter delivery of mental health programs: A systematic review
Donker, T., Petrie, K., Proudfoot, J., Clarke, J., Birch, M.-R., & Christensen, H. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2791 · Cited by 1,136
“Adherence rates (if reported) were high, in line with previous research in mHealth [29], but higher when compared to adherence rates seen with Internet-based interventions [30].”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Brendryen, H., & Kraft, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Brendryen, Håvar
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-02-05
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 478-484
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W2130253452
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 16.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Norges Forskningsråd
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, digital interventions, multimedia intervention, online intervention, mobile phone intervention, interactive voice response, short message service, nicotine replacement therapy, abstinence, self-efficacy, long-term efficacy, behavior change
- MeSH terms
- Smoking Prevention, Adult, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine, Patient Compliance, Smoking Cessation, Treatment Outcome, Multimedia, Self Efficacy, Internet, Cell Phone
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