Trichuris suis ova therapy for allergic rhinitis does not affect allergen‐specific cytokine responses despite a parasite‐specific cytokine response

Abstract

Summary: Background: Parasitic helminths have been shown to reduce inflammation in most experimental models of allergic disease, and this effect is mediated via cytokine responses. However, in humans, the effects of controlled helminth infection on cytokine responses during allergy have not been studied. Objective: The aim was to investigate whether infection with the nematode parasite T richuris suis alters systemic cytokine levels, cellular cytokine responses to parasite antigens and pollen allergens and/or the cytokine profile of allergic individuals. Methods: In a randomized double‐blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial ( UMIN trial registry, Registration no. R000001298, Trial ID UMIN 000001070, URL : http://www.umin.ac.jp/map/english ), adults with grass pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis received three weekly doses of 2500 T richuris suis ova ( n = 45) or placebo ( n = 44) over 6 months. IFN ‐γ, TNF ‐α, IL ‐4, IL ‐5, IL ‐10 and IL ‐13 were quantified via cytometric bead array in plasma. Cytokines, including active TGF ‐β, were also quantified in supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with parasite antigens or pollen allergens before, during and after the grass pollen season for a sub‐cohort of randomized participants ( T . suis ova‐treated, n = 12, Placebo‐treated, n = 10). Results: Helminth infection induced a Th2‐polarized cytokine response comprising elevated plasma IL ‐5 and parasite‐specific IL ‐4, IL ‐5 and IL ‐13, and a global shift in the profile of systemic cytokine responses. Infection also elicited high levels of the regulatory cytokine IL ‐10 in response to T . suis antigens. Despite increased production of T . suis ‐specific cytokines in T . suis ova‐treated participants, allergen‐specific cytokine responses during the grass pollen season and the global profile of PBMC cytokine responses were not affected by T . suis ova treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This study suggests that cytokines induced by T richuris suis ova treatment do not alter allergic reactivity to pollen during the peak of allergic rhinitis symptoms.