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High incidence of multinodular toxic goitre in the elderly population in a low iodine intake area vs. high incidence of Graves' disease in the young in a high iodine intake area: comparative surveys of thyrotoxicosis epidemiology in East‐Jutland Denmark and Iceland

LAURBERG, P., PEDERSEN, K. M., VESTERGAARD, H., SIGURDSSON, G.·1991·Journal of Internal Medicine

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00368.x

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Abstract

Abstract. Little is known about the optimum level of iodine intake for iodine supplementation programmes, or about the effects of the high levels of iodine intake that are found in some countries. We compared the incidence of different types of hyperthyroidism in East‐Jutland Denmark with a low average iodine intake but no endemic goitre, and the incidence in Iceland with a relatively high iodine intake. Hyperthyroidism was more common in East‐Jutland than in Iceland, due to a much higher incidence of multinodular toxic goitre and also of single toxic adenoma. Most of the patients with these diseases were over 50 years of age. By contrast, the incidence of Graves' disease was significantly higher in Iceland than in East‐Jutland. This difference was most marked in the younger age groups, in which hyperthyroidism was more than twice as common in Iceland as in East‐Jutland. These results demonstrate that even mild iodine deficiency has a significant effect on population health, since it leads to a high incidence of autonomous thyroid nodules with hyperthyroidism in the elderly population. However, population iodine intake probably should not exceed a level much higher than that necessary to avoid iodine deficiency, otherwise Graves' disease may be induced in the young population.

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Self-citation

Authors: LAURBERG, P., PEDERSEN, K. M., VESTERGAARD, H., & SIGURDSSON, G.
Affiliations: Aalborg University Hospital (DK)
Regional Hospital Randers (DK)
Corresponding author: LAURBERG, P.
ORCID: PEDERSEN, K. M.
VESTERGAARD, H.
Venue: Journal of Internal Medicine
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1991-05
Volume: 229
Issue: 5
Pages: 415-420
ISSN: 0954-6820 (ISSN-L)
1365-2796
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00368.x
OpenAlex: W2014820821
Cited by: 361
References: 20
Citations by year: 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 1.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 6670 d)
Locations: Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords: Graves' disease, hyperthyroidism, iodine intake, iodine deficiency, iodine excess, autonomously functioning thyroid nodules, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma, age differences in incidence, Iceland, iodine supplementation
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Denmark, Graves Disease, Health Surveys, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Iceland, Iodine, Middle Aged, Thyrotoxicosis, Incidence

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High incidence of multinodular toxic goitre in the elderly population in a low iodine intake area vs. high incidence of Graves' disease in the young in a high iodine intake area: comparative surveys of thyrotoxicosis epidemiology in East‐Jutland Denmark and Iceland

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