The depletion of carbon by extra mixing in metal-poor giants
Open accessAbstract
There is an apparent dichotomy between the metal-poor ([Fe/H]≤−2) yet carbon-normal giants and their carbon-rich counterparts. The former undergo significant depletion of carbon on the red giant branch after they have undergone first dredge-up, whereas the latter do not appear to experience significant depletion. We investigate this in the context that the extra mixing occurs via the thermohaline instability that arises due to the burning of 3He. We present the evolution of [C/Fe], [N/Fe] and 12C/13C for three models: a carbon-normal metal-poor star, and two stars that have accreted material from a 1.5 M⊙ AGB companion, one having received 0.01 M⊙ of material and the other having received 0.1 M⊙. We find the behaviour of the carbon-normal metal-poor stars is well reproduced by this mechanism. In addition, our models also show that the efficiency of carbon-depletion is significantly reduced in carbon-rich stars. This extra-mixing mechanism is able to reproduce the observed properties of both carbon-normal and carbon-rich stars.
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For the 'canonical' value of C ≈ 1000, thermohaline mixing is able to reproduce most of the observed properties of both C-normal and C-rich stars.
“Stancliffe et al. (2009) found that it was able to reproduce most of the observed properties of both C-normal and C-rich stars, for the 'canonical' value of C ≈ 1 000.”
From The Dawes Review 2: Nucleosynthesis and Stellar Yields of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Single Stars (2014) · cites this paper as Stancliffe et al. (2009)
The observed C isotopic ratios of unevolved (log g ≥ 3) CEMP stars are ≲10.
“Figure 7 from Stancliffe et al. (2009) illustrates the observed C isotopic ratios of unevolved (log g ≥ 3) CEMP stars are ≲ 10 (e.g., Cohen et al. 2004; Sivarani et al. 2006; Jonsell et al. 2006; Aoki et al. 2007; Beers et al. 2007; Lucatello et al. 2011).”
From The Dawes Review 2: Nucleosynthesis and Stellar Yields of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Single Stars (2014) · cites this paper as Stancliffe et al. 2009
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The Dawes Review 2: Nucleosynthesis and Stellar Yields of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Single Stars
Karakas, A. I., & Lattanzio, J. C. (2014) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia · doi:10.1017/pasa.2014.21 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
“Figure 7 from Stancliffe et al. (2009) illustrates the observed C isotopic ratios of unevolved (log g ≥ 3) CEMP stars are .”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Stancliffe, R. J., Church, R. P., Angelou, G. C., & Lattanzio, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Venue
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-07-11
- Volume
- 396
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2313-2318
- ISSN
- 0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2966
- OpenAlex
- W2104257148
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Keywords
- carbon depletion, extra mixing, thermohaline instability, helium burning, metal-poor giants, carbon-rich stars, red giant branch, first dredge-up, nitrogen abundance, carbon isotope ratio, stellar evolution models
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