Unsafe abortion in urban and rural Tanzania: method, provider and consequences
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe unsafe abortion methods and associated health consequences in Tanzania, where induced abortion is restricted by law but common and known to account for a disproportionate share of hospital admissions. METHOD: Cross-sectional study of women admitted with alleged miscarriage: 278 in rural Tanzania and 473 in urban Tanzania. Women who had undergone a clandestinely induced abortion were identified by an empathetic approach and interviewed in detail about the procedure. Information about complications was obtained from the patient file. RESULTS: Sixty-two per cent in rural Tanzania and 63% in urban Tanzania stated that they had had an unsafe induced abortion. The abortion had been induced by an unskilled provider in 46% of rural women and 60% of urban women. Herbs and roots had commonly been used for induction, in 42% of rural and 54% of urban women. The method most often associated with abortion complications was catheter/roots, whereas the method least often associated with complications was herbs. CONCLUSION: The large number of women identified as having had unsafe abortion together with the prevalent use of herbs calls for attention.
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In a Tanzanian study of 469 women admitted with complications after unsafe abortion, 60% of urban women and 47% of rural women had either induced the abortion themselves or resorted to traditional providers.
“As documented in a Tanzanian study conducted among 469 women admitted with complications after an unsafe abortion, 60% of urban women and 47% of rural women had either induced the abortion themselves or had resorted to traditional providers (16).”
From Unsafe abortion and postabortion care - an overview (2011) · cites this paper as [16]
The Abortion procedure section (page unavailable) reports that an unskilled provider induced the abortion for 60% of urban women, but 46%, not 47%, of rural women. Its definition also includes friends and family members alongside the woman herself and traditional healers, so the claim narrows the provider categories counted. The provider table accounts for 469 women with identified unsafe induced abortions. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAnother common method used by traditional healers is to induce abortion by inserting a cassava stick in the uterine cervix.
“Another common method used by traditional healers is to induce the abortion by inserting a cassava stick in the uterine cervix (16,18).”
From Unsafe abortion and postabortion care - an overview (2011) · cites this paper as [16]
The Abortion procedure section reports that traditional healers used herbs to induce abortion, sometimes placing pounded herbs in the vagina; it also reports use of roots. It does not identify a cassava stick, describe insertion into the uterine cervix, or establish that this specific method was common. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn Tanzania, traditional providers often make a brew of herbs and roots from local plants soaked in water, to be drunk in one or more doses.
“For instance, in Tanzania it has been documented that traditional providers often make a brew of herbs and roots from local plants soaked in water, to be drunk in one or more doses (16).”
From Unsafe abortion and postabortion care - an overview (2011) · cites this paper as [16]
The Abortion procedure section (page not available in our copy) reports that traditional healers sometimes instructed women to prepare herbal tea and drink a large amount to induce abortion. It does not say that providers made the brew themselves, that roots were soaked in water, or that it was drunk in one or more doses. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIf a qualified person trained in surgical procedures performs the abortion, they may use vacuum aspiration or dilatation and curettage.
“If it is a qualified person who has received training in surgical procedures, he or she may use either vacuum aspiration or dilatation and curettage to terminate the pregnancy (16,20).”
From Unsafe abortion and postabortion care - an overview (2011) · cites this paper as [16]
The Discussion identifies manual vacuum aspiration and dilatation and curettage as procedures considered safe and contrasts access to practitioners with abortions performed by unskilled providers. It does not state that providers trained in surgical procedures use either method, so the training qualification is not supported by our copy. No page number is available for the passage. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn Tanzania, women suffering from complications after an unsafe abortion represent approximately 20-25% of all gynecological admissions.
“In Tanzania, it has been documented that women suffering from complications after an unsafe abortion represent approximately 20-25% of all gynecological admissions (16,32).”
From Unsafe abortion and postabortion care - an overview (2011) · cites this paper as [16]
The Introduction reports that abortion complications rank among the leading causes of admission at hospitals in several Tanzanian regions. It does not give the claimed 20–25% figure or a proportion of all gynecological admissions; the study’s 62–63% figures concern only women admitted with alleged miscarriage. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Bankole A, Sedgh G, Oye-Adeniran B A, Adewole I F, Hussain R & Singh S (2008) Abortion-seeking behaviour among Nigerian women. Journal of Biosocial Science 40, 247-268 .
- Kitula R A (2007) Use of medicinal plants for human health in Udzungwa Mountains Forests: a case study of New Dabaga Ulongambi Forest Reserve, Tanzania. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3, 7.
- Rasch V, Muhammad H, Urassa E & Bergstrom S (2000) Self- reports of induced abortion: an empathetic setting can improve the quality of data. American Journal of Public Health 90, 1141-1144.
- UN (1999) United Nations 21st Special Session: Overall Review and Appraisal of the Implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development. UN, New York.
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Unsafe abortion and postabortion care - an overview
RASCH, V. (2011) · Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01165.x · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rasch, V., & Kipingili, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Rasch, Vibeke
- ORCID
- Rasch, Vibeke
- Venue
- Tropical Medicine & International Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-08-24
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1128-1133
- ISSN
- 1360-2276 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-3156
- OpenAlex
- W1595623636
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Tropical Medicine & International Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Human Rights and Reproductive Law
- Keywords
- unsafe abortion, abortion, abortion methods, abortion complications, illegal abortion, urban-rural differences, Tanzania, miscarriage, abortion law
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Induced, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rural Health, Tanzania, Urban Health, Young Adult
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