The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
EXERCISE IS GOOD FOR YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE: EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE TRAINING AND RESISTANCE TRAINING
Abstract
SUMMARY: Although several epidemiological studies have not observed significant independent relationships between physical activity or fitness and blood pressure, others have concluded that blood pressure is lower in individuals who are more fit or active. However, longitudinal intervention studies are more appropriate for assessing the effects of physical activity on blood pressure. Previously, we have performed meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials involving dynamic aerobic endurance training or resistance training. Inclusion criteria were: random allocation to intervention and control; physical training as the sole intervention; inclusion of healthy sedentary normotensive and/or hypertensive adults; intervention duration of at least 4 weeks; availability of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure; and publication in a peer‐reviewed journal up to December 2003. The meta‐analysis on endurance training involved 72 trials and 105 study groups. After weighting for the number of trained participants, training induced significant net reductions of resting and day time ambulatory blood pressure of 3.0/2.4 mmHg (P < 0.001) and 3.3/3.5 mmHg (P < 0.01), respectively. The reduction of resting blood pressure was more pronounced in the 30 hypertensive study groups (‐6.9/‐4.9) than in the others (‐1.9/‐1.6; P < 0.001 for all). Systemic vascular resistance decreased by 7.1% (P < 0.05), plasma noradrenaline by 29% (P < 0.001) and plasma renin activity by 20% (P < 0.05). Bodyweight decreased by 1.2 kg (P < 0.001), waist circumference by 2.8 cm (P < 0.001), percentage body fat by 1.4% (P < 0.001) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index of insulin resistance by 0.31 units (P < 0.01). High‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol increased by 0.032 mmol/L (P < 0.05). Resistance training has been less well studied. A meta‐analysis of nine randomized controlled trials (12 study groups) on mostly dynamic resistance training revealed a weighted net reduction of diastolic blood pressure of 3.5 mmHg (P < 0.01) associated with exercise and a non‐significant reduction of systolic blood pressure of 3.2 mmHg (P = 0.10). In conclusion, dynamic aerobic endurance training decreases blood pressure through a reduction of systemic vascular resistance, in which the sympathetic nervous system and the renin–angiotensin system appear to be involved, and favourably affects concomitant cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, the few available data suggest that resistance training is able to reduce blood pressure.
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“In a meta-analysis that included assessment of ambulatory BP 141 it was reported that in studies lasting 4 to 52 weeks, with physical activity as the only intervention, aerobic exercise reduced BP by 3 ⁄ 2.4 mm Hg.”
From Obesity‐Related Hypertension: Pathogenesis, Cardiovascular Risk, and Treatment: A Position Paper of The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension (2013) · cites this paper as [141]
In the citing paper
“The effect on BP was independent of the estimated weight loss of 1.2 kg.”
From Obesity‐Related Hypertension: Pathogenesis, Cardiovascular Risk, and Treatment: A Position Paper of The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension (2013) · cites this paper as [141]
Citations
Cites
Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W. C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., Jones, D. W., Materson, B. J., Oparil, S., Wright, J. T., et al. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000107251.49515.c2 · Cited by 13,271
Thompson, P. D., Buchner, D., Piña, I. L., Balady, G. J., Williams, M. A., Marcus, B. H., Berra, K., Blair, S. N., Costa, F., Franklin, B., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000075572.40158.77 · Cited by 2,132
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Whelton, S. P., Chin, A., Xin, X., & He, J. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-7-200204020-00006 · Cited by 1,970
Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress.
Rowell, L. B. (1974) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1974.54.1.75 · Cited by 1,694
Physical Activity and the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
Powell, K. E., Thompson, P. D., Caspersen, C. J., & Kendrick, J. S. (1987) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.08.050187.001345 · Cited by 1,457
A meta-analysis of physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease.
BERLIN, J. A., & COLDITZ, G. A. (1990) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115704 · Cited by 1,382
Cornelissen, V. A., & Fagard, R. H. (2005) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000184225.05629.51 · Cited by 1,005 · cited 3×
“We recently performed meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials on the effects of each type of exercise on blood pressure and, if available, on blood pressure-regulating mechanisms and cardiovascular risk factors.(11,12) Inclusion criteria of the studies were: random allocation to intervention and control; exercis…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationType of activity: resistance, aerobic and leisure versus occupational physical activity
Howley, E. T. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00005 · Cited by 722
Exercise characteristics and the blood pressure response to dynamic physical training
FAGARD, R. H. (2001) · Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00018 · Cited by 561
Self-citationCornelissen, V. A., & Fagard, R. H. (2005) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200502000-00003 · Cited by 439
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A systematic review of the evidence for Canada's Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults
Warburton, D. E., Charlesworth, S., Ivey, A., Nettlefold, L., & Bredin, S. S. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-39 · Cited by 902
“Numerous reviews of the literature (of epidemiological and randomized controlled trials) have supported an inverse relationship between physical activity/fitness and in the incidence of hypertension [20,87,89,94-102].”
BackgroundCardiovascular Effects and Benefits of Exercise
Nystoriak, M. A., & Bhatnagar, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2018.00135 · Cited by 968
Landsberg, L., Aronne, L. J., Beilin, L. J., Burke, V., Igel, L. I., Lloyd‐Jones, D., & Sowers, J. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.12049 · Cited by 528
Leggio, M., Lombardi, M., Caldarone, E., Severi, P., D’Emidio, S., Armeni, M., Bravi, V., Bendini, M. G., & Mazza, A. (2017) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2017.75 · Cited by 319
Collier, S. R., Kanaley, J. A., Carhart, R. L., Frechette, V., Tobin, M. M., Hall, A., Luckenbaugh, A. N., & Fernhall, B. (2008) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2008.36 · Cited by 304
Metadata
- Authors
- Fagard, R.
- Venue
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-08-10
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 853-856
- ISSN
- 0305-1870 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-1681
- OpenAlex
- W2059173308
- Cited by
- 265
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 27.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- blood pressure, endurance training, resistance training, aerobic exercise, hypertension, ambulatory blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity, body composition, insulin resistance, HDL cholesterol, physical activity, sedentary adults, cardiovascular risk reduction, weight loss, waist circumference, body fat percentage, HOMA
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Composition, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Clinical Trials as Topic, Heart Rate, Humans, Insulin, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Risk Factors, Teaching, Triglycerides, Vascular Resistance, Exercise
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