Cited by 690News Media Framing and Political CommunicationMedia and Digital CommunicationMedia Influence and Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Ritualized and Instrumental Television Viewing

Rubin, Alan M.·1984·Journal of Communication

DOI 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1984.tb02174.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Journal Article Ritualized and Instrumental Television Viewing Get access Alan M. Rubin Alan M. Rubin 1Alan M. Rubin is Associate Professor in the School of Speech Communication at Kent State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Communication, Volume 34, Issue 3, September 1984, Pages 67–77, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1984.tb02174.x Published: 07 February 2006

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1984.tb02174.x

Cites

14 of 14 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Utilization of mass communication by the individual
Katz, E. J. (1974) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,770
On the Use of the Mass Media for Important Things
Katz, E., Haas, H., & Gurevitch, M. (1973) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2094393 · Cited by 1,639
Television uses and gratifications: The interactions of viewing patterns and motivations
Rubin, A. M. (1983) · Journal of Broadcasting · doi:10.1080/08838158309386471 · Cited by 912
Self-citation
The Role of Theory in Uses and Gratifications Studies
Blumler, J. G. (1979) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365027900600102 · Cited by 904
An Examination of Television Viewing Motivations
RUBIN, A. M. (1981) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/009365028100800201 · Cited by 536
Self-citation
Communication Models for the Study of Mass Communications
McQuail, D. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315846378 · Cited by 529
33 ‘The Television Audience: A Revised Perspective’
McQuail, D., Blumler, J. G., & Brown, J. R. (2009) · Edinburgh University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781474473231-045 · Cited by 438
Canonical Analysis and Factor Comparison
Levine, M. (1977) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412983563 · Cited by 384
The Demonstration of Power: Violence Profile No. 10
Gerbner, G., Gross, L. P., Signorielli, N., Morgan, M., & Jackson‐Beeck, M. (1979) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1979.tb01731.x · Cited by 304
UNIFORM MESSAGES AND HABITUAL VIEWING: UNNECESSARY ASSUMPTIONS IN SOCIAL REALITY EFFECTS
Hawkins, R. P., & Pingree, S. (1981) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00576.x · Cited by 186

Show all 14 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

1974, Uses and Gratifications Research: A Critique and Sociological Alternative
1981, Uses and Gratifications at the Crossroads

Sorted by citations

Items 601–690 of 690

Adoption of Twitter and its effectiveness in e-WOM
Son, H. (2011)
Restricted Communication
Zbinden, B. (2018) · Advances in religious and cultural studies (ARCS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-5975-7.ch011
Selfie Production: A Qualitative Study of Platform Affordances and Cultural Norms in Shaping Saudi Women’s Selfie Practices Posted on Instagram and Snapchat
Qutub, A. (2018) · Figshare
use of digital television content in nurturing innovation in kenya: a study of nairobi’s media producers and engineering jua kali artisans
Kuria, M. (2017)
Values of Engagement: Exploring Digital Media through Generation and Neoliberalism
Samuels, R. (2018) · University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield)
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation and Volition
Hartmann, T. (2008) · The International Encyclopedia of Communication · doi:10.1002/9781405186407.wbieci087
Para-Social Interaction, Rhetorical Sensitivity, and Television News Viewing.
Domingue, M. A. (1986) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_disstheses.4297
A Study on the Structure of Motivation Shown by TV Drama Watchers －The case of Korean Immigrants Living in USA
jung, H.-W. (2011) · Journal of Political Communication · doi:10.35731/kpca.2011..23.008
An Analysis of Difference in Task Effectiveness between SNS and Face-to-Face Communications
정은경, & 황혜선 (2014) · Journal of Political Communication · doi:10.35731/kpca.2014..32.013
メディアの効用認識とモラールの関連性-メディアは「幸福な老い」に寄与するか
小寺, 敦. (2019) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · doi:10.14836/ssi.7.3_63
Applying Uses and Gratifications to Promote Cognitive and Affective Learning via Online Instructional Content
Curnalia, R. M. L., & Ferris, A. L. (2019) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9833-6.ch002
Distributed gatekeeping. Uncovering the patterns of linking behaviors on Facebook
Walczak, W., Olechnicki, K., & Meina, M. (2017) · Central European Journal of Communication · doi:10.19195/1899-5101.10.1(18).2
Participatory effects of political satire revisited in the age of digital media : the role of hard news, political expression and social media
Choi, H. (2019) · doi:10.32469/10355/75001
Towards a Common Theoretical Framework—And Some Remarks on the Politics of Innerlichkeit
Krämer, B., & Frey, F. (2020) · Transforming communications · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41313-2_11
Media Gratifications and Successful Aging Among the “Young Old”
Kotera, A. (2019) · doi:10.14836/jsi.12.1_28
The Impact of Mobile Advertising Content and Advertising Value on User Loyalty
Yang, S.-C., Hsu, C.-J., & Wu, Y.-W. (2020) · Multidisciplinary International Social Networks Conference (MISNC) · doi:10.1145/3429395.3429407
Convincing online consumers to purchase
Leweling, S. (2018)
Understanding the Effect of Social Media Use on Psychological Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic
MURPHY, N. M., & Saxena, D. K. (2021) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7991-6.ch010
Uses and gratifications of online information sources: Political information efficacy and the effects of interactivity
Painter, D. L. (2011) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
“The Only Weapon We Have ...”
(1996) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822396727-004
Theorienansätze und Hypothesen in der Medienpädagogik: Uses-and-Gratifications-Ansatz
Hugger, K.-U. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-25090-4_34-1
Literatur
Großmann, B. (1999) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-663-10776-7_6
References
(2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-84334-636-4.50011-8
Literaturverzeichnis
Bente, G., & Fromm, B. (1997) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-322-91434-7_6
References
(2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012372542-4/50010-4
References
(1999) · Television · doi:10.1016/b978-012183580-4/50026-4
Publikforskning i en digitaliserad och konvergerad medievärld
Andersson, U. B. (2014) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Between Innocence and Safety
(1996) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822396727-002
The Erotics of Innocence
(1996) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822396727-003
Around 1989
(1996) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822396727-001
Conclusion
(1996) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822396727-006
Journalistic Professionalism and User Motivations for Snapchat Video
Lee, E. J., & Kaufhold, K. (2019) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-8359-2.ch033
Bibliography
(1996) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822396727-008
Data, data and even more data : empowering users to make well-informed decisions about online privacy
Barth, S. (2021) · doi:10.3990/1.9789036551410
Fashion 2.0: the uses and gratifications of fashion blogs
Johnson, S. (2021) · doi:10.32920/ryerson.14644905
Habituation
LaRose, R. (2008) · The International Encyclopedia of Communication · doi:10.1002/9781405186407.wbiech002
Literature Review
Huang, H. (2013) · Understanding China · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45441-7_2
Transmedialer Nutzungsstil und Rezipientenpersönlichkeit
Schweiger, W. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-01726-2_2
Transforming Audiences into Users
Mahoney, L. M., & Tang, T. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119370680.ch5
Qualitätserwartungen, Qualitätswahrnehmungen und die Nutzung von Fernsehserien
Wolling, J. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-01726-2_4
Notes
(1996) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822396727-007
Theorienansätze und Hypothesen in der Medienpädagogik: Uses-and-Gratifications-Ansatz
Hugger, K.-U. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-23578-9_34
User Expectations of Serendipitous Recommender Systems
Son, S., Kim, H., Nam, H., & Lim, Y.-K. (2022) · [ ] With Design: Reinventing Design Modes · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4472-7_86
Vietnam Twiplomacy:
Diep, P. P. U. (2022) · Southwestern Mass Communication Journal · doi:10.58997/smc.v38i1.104
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ЧИННИКИ РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОГО ВПЛИВУ НАРАТИВНИХ ВИДІВ МИСТЕЦТВА
Мілютіна, К. Л., Balashevych, O., & Tsurikova, H. (2023) · Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University Series Psychological Sciences · doi:10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2023-1-1
A Case Study of the Ritual Space Construction of the Chinese Festival Series Program
Lei, Y., Yaakup, H. S., Hasan, N. A. M., Zainudin, S. S. S., & Xu, N. (2023) · Studies in Media and Communication · doi:10.11114/smc.v11i6.6143
El uso de las redes sociales para la gestión de la reputación de marca: El caso de Antena 3 Noticias
Benguría-Aguirreche, J. (. (2020) · doi:10.15581/10171/66832
การพฒนาตนแบบอนโฟกราฟกเพอสอสารการปฏบตตนทางกายภาพบำบดทางไกล ในสถานการณการแพรระบาดของไวรสโคโรนา (โควด-19)
เจริญยศ, ธ. (2022) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2022.618
‹Smart School – oder doch lieber Old School?›
Muench, C., Carolus, A., Bierhalter, L., & Füting-Lippert, A. (2024) · MedienPädagogik Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung · doi:10.21240/mpaed/00/2024.01.11.x
The Power of Emotional Engagement: Tamil Television Serials as a Trail to Enhance Well-being and Successful Ageing among Older Adults
Boobalakrishnan, N. (2023) · Media Watch · doi:10.1177/09760911231214151
Television, Altered States and Fantasy Worlds
Sheppard, E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-53452-2_12
Spektrum medialnego zaangażowania jako wyzwanie dla polskiego medioznawstwa
Konieczna, A. (2024) · Dziennikarstwo i Media · doi:10.19195/2082-8322.20.8
Influence of Gratification on Political Reporting in Nigeria (A Case Study of Magic FM, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria)
Obasi, H. U. (2024) · British Journal of Mass Communication and Media Research · doi:10.52589/bjmcmr-vm2h0or0
A More Effective Kind of Influencer? The Podcaster-Listener Relationship and the Perceived Proximity of Hosts
Frohnert, K. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-47793-6_3
The Effect of Television-Viewing Motivation and Individual Traits on Zapping Behavior
Ye, M., Dahana, W. D., Baumann, C., & Katsumata, S. (2025) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2025.2528754
The Influence of Personalized AI on Users’ Intention to Continue Using Mobile Payments: A Contingency Perspective
Na, L., & Lee, E. (2025) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer20040346
The influence of technophilia on blockchain technology readiness in green supply chain management
Jahangir, J., Saraih, U. N., & Aman‐Ullah, A. (2025) · foresight · doi:10.1108/fs-07-2024-0133
INTERGROUP MEDIA SELECTION: MEDIA FEATURES AND AUDIENCE'S SOCIAL IDENTITY MOTIVATIONS AND GRATIFICATIONS
Joyce, N. (2014) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
The Internet and Traditional Media Displacement
Cartledge, J. (2002) · Journal of Collective Bargaining in the Academy
Additional file 1 of Motivations for nutrition information-seeking behavior among Belgian adults: a qualitative study
Vrinten, J., Royen, K. V., Pabian, S., De Backer, C., & Matthys, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25457848
Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları 9
ULUÇ, E. A., Kartal, R., Aktaş, F., Tütük, A., Örenay, A., Tapşın, F. O., Ay, H., Kaçay, Z., Uluç, S., ÖZGİDER, C., et al. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1068
Sporcularda Duygusal Zeka ve Mental Sağlık: Performans Üzerine İnceleme
Tütük, A., & Örenay, A. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1068.c4215
Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Plaj Voleybolunun Evrimi
Ay, H., & Kaçay, Z. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1068.c4217
Görme Eğitimi ve Sportif Performans
Uluç, S., & Demir, S. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1068.c4218
Aktivasyon Sonrası Performans Artışı (PAPE): Performans Etkisini Belirleyen Faktörler
Ilhan, M.-J., & Kartal, A. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1068.c4220
Stadyumdan Dijital Ekrana: Spor Tüketici Davranışının Değişen Dinamikleri
ÖZGİDER, C. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1068.c4219
Motivations, media dependency and parasocial interaction: key drivers of SNS active participation
Blas, S. S., Buzova, D., Riera, V. B., & Fierro-Rubio, P. (2025) · JOINETECH (International Journal of Economic and Technological Studies) · doi:10.65479/joinetech.8
Bir Sosyalleşme Aracı Olarak Taekwondo: Çocuklar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Özaras, F. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1068.c4221
The longitudinal relationships between Internet adaptability and usage behavior on AI-driven healthcare platforms: A cross-lagged panel network analysis
Zhao, L., & Sui, F. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106361
Generational Adoption of Mobile Phones Based on Use Motivations and Demanded Attributes: Results from Focus Groups
Castaldi, L., Augurio, A., Buccino, G., & Mazzoni, C. (2022) · International Journal of Business and Social Science · doi:10.30845/ijbss.v13n5p7
L'écume des news : sociologie politique des usages des informations à partir d'entretiens de couple
Dolez, C. (2013) · doi:10.70675/1e228c44z95c6z4fd5zadefz29d82c4a8b9f
Usages des Technologies Numériques de l’Information et de la Communication, selon une approche écosystémique : adaptation socio-affective, satisfaction de vie et qualité des relations amicales auprès de 508 enfants âgés de 9 à 12 ans
Berdot-Talmier, L. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/35d23188z0413z49f4z88daza4d215dfc211
Does Longer Phone Use Always Feel Worse? Examining How Intention and Duration Shape Evaluations of Time Use
Hsu, J.-W., Lin, C.-T., Chen, U.-D., Kuo, J.-C., Tsai, Y.-H., Liu, J.-C., Lin, Y.-H., Chen, C.-Y., Pourafshari, R., Lu, Y., et al. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790925
Processos de formação em produção televisiva com seniores em Portugal - das gratificações do consumo ãs expetativas de produção de informação televisiva
Pato, L. M. (2026) · doi:10.14201/gredos.170949
Uses and Gratifications Approach: Uses and Gratifications Research – by Elihu Katz, Jay G. Blumler, and Michael Gurevitch (1973)
Stark, B., & Schneiders, P. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-50422-9_4
Digital Parenting and Media Dependency: A Dyadic Study on Korean Children’s YouTube and Gaming Use
Bai, S. Y., & Moon, S. J. (2026) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316261460474
What Predicts Public Interest in Generative AI-Driven Journalism Innovations for Personalization? Evidence from a Multilevel Analysis
Song, S., & Fu, D. (2026) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/1461670x.2026.2686734
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA ADDICTION AND HEDONIC CONSUMPTION: THE CASE OF SIIRT UNIVERSITY
Şengün, H. İ., & Mücahit, E. Z. E. R. (2026) · Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi · doi:10.54688/ayd.1933617
Shut Your Eyes in the Dark! Differential Effects of Pre-Bedtime and Pre-Shuteye Media Use on Sleep Delay and Anxiety
Yan, X., Ma, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., & Wang, C. (2026) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2026.2724342
A content analysis of the characteristics of the popular mental health podcasts
Wang, X., Alcántara, R. A. A., & Bedolla, M. (2026) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyag027
Männlichkeit nach dem Fernsehen
Sulzenbacher, S. (2026) · Serien- und Fernsehforschung · doi:10.14361/9783839479308
Quellenverzeichnis
Sulzenbacher, S. (2026) · Serien- und Fernsehforschung · doi:10.14361/9783839479308-349
Virtual Bites, Real Diets: How Exposure to Eating Livestreaming Shapes Restrained Eating via Symbolic Self-Completion Theory
Liu, M., & Liu, F. (2026) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1080/08838151.2026.2735478
YETİŞKİN BİREYLERDE MEDYA VE TELEVİZYON OKURYAZARLIĞI İLE TELEVİZYON BAĞIMLILIĞI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
DURMUŞ, K. S. (2026) · Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi · doi:10.19145/e-gifder.1856411
Weaving Behavioral Cocoons in Modern Life (2003–2020): Understanding the Acceleration of Pace of Life and Media Use with Word Embeddings
Chen, Z., Huang, S., & Wang, C. (2026) · Mass Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/15205436.2026.2731920
Integrating the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and the uses and gratifications theory in exploring generative AI adoption for health information seeking: Cross-sectional study
Qi, Y., Mohamad, E. M. W., Azlan, A. A., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Wu, A., & Ma, Y. (2026) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076261490720
Who Uses Conversational AI and Why? Distinct User Profiles and Their Links to Personality, Attachment, and Well-Being
Gugushvili, N., Brandtzæg, P. B., & Skjuve, M. B. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2744846
How We Compare Matters: Distinct Pathways from Ability and Opinion Comparisons to Problematic Social Networking Use
Chen, T.-L., Li, Q.-Q., Gu, C.-H., Liu, X.-J., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs16112057
Mediated Contact and Intergroup Relations: When Koreans Met Americans through U.S. TV Dramas
Shim, C. (2010) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Die quantitative Jugendmedienforschung im Umbruch und das Programm der Züricher Schule
Bonfadelli, H. (2009) · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-531-91342-1_9

Authors: Rubin, A. M.
Affiliations: Kent State University (US)
Corresponding author: Rubin, Alan M.
ORCID: Rubin, Alan M.
Venue: Journal of Communication
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1984-09-01
Volume: 34
Issue: 3
Pages: 67-77
ISSN: 0021-9916 (ISSN-L)
1460-2466
DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1984.tb02174.x
OpenAlex: W2158207082
Semantic Scholar: df02a3625530b29194839624b7332ccea570adf6
Cited by: 679
References: 14
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 98.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 11322 d)
Locations: Journal of Communication (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Communication › News Media Framing and Political Communication
Social Sciences › Communication › Media and Digital Communication
Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
Keywords: television viewing, viewing motivation, audience behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Ritualized and Instrumental Television Viewing

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks