Socio-economic Differentials in Birth Masculinity in China
Abstract
This article examines the relationship between birth masculinity and socio-economic levels in China. Both 2000 and 2005 data suggest the presence of a non-linear relationship between the sex ratio at birth and socio-economic status, with a lower sex ratio at birth observed among both the poorest and the richest households. This inverted-U pattern is significantly different from what is observed in India and what has been assumed previously for China. Multivariate analyses indicate that this pattern persists after the introduction of several other covariates of birth masculinity such as ethnicity, fertility, migration status, age or parity. These results suggest that further economic advances and socio-economic mobility could contribute to the return to normalcy of the sex ratio at birth.
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Sex ratio at birth was especially elevated among high parity births and in areas with strict policy implementation.
“Sex ratio at birth was especially elevated among high parity births and in areas with strict policy implementation (Cai & Lavely 2003, Ebenstein 2010, Guilmoto & Ren 2011, Li et al. 2011).”
From The Social and Sociological Consequences of China's One-Child Policy (2021) · cites this paper as Guilmoto & Ren 2011
Cites
Sex ratio at birth in China, with reference to other areas in East Asia: What we know
Gu, B., & Roy, K. (1995) · Asia-Pacific Population Journal · doi:10.18356/59499b63-en · Cited by 187 · see citing works
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The Social and Sociological Consequences of China's One-Child Policy
Cai, Y., & Feng, W. (2021) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-090220-032839 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
- Authors
- Guilmoto, C. Z., & Ren, Q.
- Affiliations
- Centre Population et Développement (FR)
- Peking University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Guilmoto, Christophe Z.
- Ren, Qiang
- Venue
- Development and Change
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1269-1296
- ISSN
- 0012-155X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1690185809
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development and Change (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- sex ratio at birth, socioeconomic status, inverted U-shaped relationship, gender discrimination in childbearing, household wealth, socioeconomic mobility, fertility, migration, parity, China
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Birth Rate, China, Ethnicity, Family, Female, Fertility, Humans, Parity, Pregnancy, Residence Characteristics, Sex Ratio, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, History, 21st Century, Masculinity
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