The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Trouble with Language: Experiential Avoidance, Rules, and the Nature of Verbal Events
Abstract
Experiential avoidance is the attempt to escape or avoid certain private experiences, such as particular feelings, memories, behavioral predispositions, or thoughts In this article, we discuss evidence that experiential avoidance is both pervasive and often harmful to human functioning We argue that experiential avoidance can be explained by two verbal processes, and we provide basic behavioral evidence on both the bidirectionality of derived stimulus relations in verbal humans and the insensitivity to the effects of responding produced by verbal rules If this analysis is correct, experiential avoidance is built into human language and thus can be undermined only with difficulty
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“The focus of ACT for psychosis (ACTp) is to increase psycho logical flexibility (PF) in the presence of psychotic symptoms (Hayes, 2016; Hayes & Gifford, 1997).”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for inpatients with psychosis –an acceptability and feasibility single case AB designed study (2022) · cites this paper as Hayes & Gifford, 1997
Citations
Cites
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1152 · Cited by 3,595
Self-citationBaumeister, R. F. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.90 · Cited by 1,919 · cited 1×
“…expenences such as guilt, anxiety, inadequacy, or feelings of worthlessness into a verbally construed future relatively free of these expenences (Baumeister, 1990) Suicide is arguably absent in nonhumans, yet a majonty of the general human population will either attempt suicide or struggle…”
BackgroundCONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION VS. MATCHING TO SAMPLE: AN EXPANSION OF THE TESTING PARADIGM
Sidman, M., & Tailby, W. (1982) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1982.37-5 · Cited by 1,638
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ON THE ORIGINS OF NAMING AND OTHER SYMBOLIC BEHAVIOR
Horne, P. J., Lowe, C. F., & Lowe, C. F. (1996) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.65-185 · Cited by 834
Long-term correlates of child sexual abuse: Theory and review of the empirical literature
Polusny, M. A., & Follette, V. M. (1995) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0962-1849(05)80055-1 · Cited by 812
Behavioral treatment of panic disorder
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Coping, expectancies, and alcohol abuse: A test of social learning formulations.
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EQUIVALENCE CLASS FORMATION IN LANGUAGE‐ABLE AND LANGUAGE‐DISABLED CHILDREN
Devany, J. M., Hayes, S. C., & Nelson, R. O. (1986) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1986.46-243 · Cited by 461
Self-citationRULE‐GOVERNED BEHAVIOR AND SENSITIVITY TO CHANGING CONSEQUENCES OF RESPONDING
Hayes, S. C., Brownstein, A. J., Zettle, R. D., Rosenfarb, I. F., & Korn, Z. (1986) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1986.45-237 · Cited by 426
Self-citationDelayed costs of suppressed pain.
Cioffi, D., & Holloway, J. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.2.274 · Cited by 361
STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE AND ARBITRARILY APPLICABLE RELATIONAL RESPONDING
Steele, D., & Hayes, S. C. (1991) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1991.56-519 · Cited by 360
Self-citationTHE TRANSFER OF RESPONDENT ELICITING AND EXTINCTION FUNCTIONS THROUGH STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE CLASSES
Dougher, M. J., Augustson, E., Markham, M. R., Greenway, D. E., & Wulfert, E. (1994) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1994.62-331 · Cited by 331
This New Yet Unapproachable America: Lectures After Emerson after Wittgenstein
Cavell, S. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 308
Longitudinal Study of the Development of Derived Relations in an Infant
Lipkens, R., Hayes, S. C., & Hayes, L. J. (1993) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1006/jecp.1993.1032 · Cited by 254
Self-citationDymond, S., & Barnes, D. (1995) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1995.64-163 · Cited by 249
Verbal relations and the evolution of behavior analysis.
Hayes, S. C., & Hayes, L. J. (1992) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.47.11.1383 · Cited by 239
Self-citationGreenberg, L. S., & Safran, J. D. (1989) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.44.1.19 · Cited by 219
Hayes, S., Kohlenberg, B., & Hayes, L. (1991) · Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1991.56-119 · Cited by 216
Self-citationVerbal Relations and the Evolution of Behavior Analysis
Hayes, S. C., & Hayes, L. J. (2015) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315745138-18 · Cited by 200
Self-citationAn Experimental Analysis of Rule-Governed Behavior
Catania, A. C., Shimoff, E. H., & Matthews, B. A. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0447-1_4 · Cited by 191
Some Applied Implications of a Contemporary Behavior-Analytic Account of Verbal Events
Hayes, S., & Wilson, K. (1993) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392637 · Cited by 169
Self-citationEFFECTS OF RESPONSE VARIABILITY ON THE SENSITIVITY OF RULE‐GOVERNED BEHAVIOR
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Leitenberg, H., Greenwald, E., & Cado, S. (1992) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(92)90049-w · Cited by 145
REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES AS DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULI1
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Alcohol Expectancies among Male Alcoholics, Problem Drinkers, and Nonproblem Drinkers
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Ways of Coping among HIV-infected Individuals
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Mood states can elicit conditioned withdrawal and craving in opiate abuse patients.
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Social standard setting: The Achilles' heel of informational accounts of therapeutic change
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Self-citationThe Suicidal Patient: Principles of Assessment, Treatment, and Case Management
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Research works printed but not linked: 5
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- Dymond S., They Psychological Record
- 10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1152 · DOI · Paper page
- Ireland S. J., 1994, Problems of drug dependence, 158
- Sanchez-Crug M., 1984, A therapists manual for secondary prevention of alcohol problem Procedures for teaching moderate drinking and abstinence
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Relational frame theory: a post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition
Barnes‐Holmes, Y., Hayes, S. C., Barnes‐Holmes, D., & Roche, B. T. (2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.39-2482 · Cited by 1,975
Self-citationCoping or acceptance? What to do about chronic pain
McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00202-1 · Cited by 591
Greco, L. A., Lambert, W., & Baer, R. A. (2008) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.20.2.93 · Cited by 514
How clients make therapy work: The process of active self-healing.
Bohart, A. C., & Tallman, K. (1999) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10323-000 · Cited by 411
Holmes, E. A., Lang, T. J., & Shah, D. M. (2009) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012590 · Cited by 400
Metadata
- Authors
- Hayes, S. C., & Gifford, E. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Nevada, Reno (US)
- ORCID
- Hayes, Steven C
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-05
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 170-173
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2117656696
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- experiential avoidance, verbal behavior, derived stimulus relations, private experience, escape behavior, language and behavior
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