The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Virtual Worlds and Their Challenge to Philosophy: Understanding the “Intravirtual” and the “Extravirtual”
Abstract
TheWeb, in particular real‐time interactions in three‐dimensional virtual environments (virtual worlds), comes with a set of unique characteristics that leave our traditional frameworks inapplicable. The present article illustrates this by arguing that the notion of “technology relations,” as put forward by Ihde andVerbeek, becomes inapplicable when it comes to theInternet, and this inapplicability shows why these phenomena require new philosophical frameworks. Against this background, and more constructively, the article proposes a fundamental distinction between “intravirtual” and “extravirtual” consequences—a distinction that allows us to understand and conceptualize real‐time interactions online more accurately. By relating this distinction toSearle's notion of “condition of satisfaction,” the article also shows its implications for judging real‐time, online interactions in virtual worlds as irrational and/or immoral. The ultimate purpose is to illustrate how new philosophical concepts and frameworks can allow us to better account for the unique characteristics of theInternet.
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In the citing paper
“The rules embedded in the technology design of digital platforms mediate the social interactions that belong to the practice of digital commoning.”
From The illusion of the digital commons: 'False consciousness' in online alternative economies (2017) · cites this paper as Søraker, 2012
In the citing paper
“Such formal rules in the context of digital environments do not only regulate but also constitute a certain virtual reality that is organized by coded or law-like patterns of interaction (Lessig, 2006; Søraker, 2012).”
From The illusion of the digital commons: 'False consciousness' in online alternative economies (2017) · cites this paper as Søraker, 2012
Citations
Cites
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Verbeek, P.-P. (2008) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-008-9099-x · Cited by 315
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Moor Jim, 1985, Computers and Ethics, 266
- Søraker Johnny Hartz., 2010, Emerging Ethical Issues of Life in Virtual Worlds, 15
- 10.5325/j.ctv14gp4w7 · DOI · Paper page
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The illusion of the digital commons: 'False consciousness' in online alternative economies
Ossewaarde, M., & Reijers, W. (2017) · Organization · doi:10.1177/1350508417713217 · Cited by 54
Plessner's Philosophical Anthropology
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Esports, real sports and the Olympic Virtual Series
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Strikwerda, L. (2014) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-014-0167-6 · Cited by 31
Revisiting Ihde’s Fourfold “Technological Relationships”: Application and Modification
Nørskov, M. (2014) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-014-0149-8 · Cited by 19
Toward a Philosophy of The W eb
Monnin, A., & Harry Halpin, A. (2012) · Metaphilosophy · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9973.2012.01764.x · Cited by 12
Serracino-Inglott, P. (2013) · Ethics & Global Politics · doi:10.3402/egp.v6i4.22527 · Cited by 12
The Ethics of Choice in Single-Player Video Games
Neely, E. L. (2019) · Philosophical studies series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01800-9_19 · Cited by 8
Toward a Philosophy of the Web: Foundations and Open Problems
Monnin, A., & Harry Halpin, A. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118700143.ch1 · Cited by 7
The Hidden Dimensions of Human–Technology Relations
Luan, S. T. (2019) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-019-00349-8 · Cited by 5
O’Hara, K. (2022) · Foundations and Trends® in Web Science · doi:10.1561/1800000031 · Cited by 8
Virtual acts, real crimes? a legal-philosophical analysis of virtual cybercrime
Litska, S. (2014) · doi:10.3990/1.9789036537131 · Cited by 5
Montefiore, T., & Formosa, P. (2025) · Games and Culture · doi:10.1177/15554120251319173 · Cited by 3
When Should Virtual Cybercrime Be Brought under the Scope of the Criminal Law?
Strikwerda, L. (2013) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39891-9_8 · Cited by 2
Amboy, M. K. Q., Habaña, M. P., Ramirez, L. M. M., Sotelo, M. G., Penuela, A. C., & Oducado, R. M. (2023) · Innoeduca International Journal of Technology and Educational Innovation · doi:10.24310/innoeduca.2023.v9i1.15402 · Cited by 2
Dainow, B. (2013) · Philosophy & Technology · doi:10.1007/s13347-013-0110-2 · Cited by 1
Keymolen, E. (2014) · Amsterdam University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9789048522989-024 · Cited by 1
La constitución ontológica de la realidad virtual
Cid, I. V. L. (2023) · DOXA Cuadernos de Filosofía del Derecho · doi:10.14198/doxa2023.47.6
Unstable preservation: memorials in virtual environments
Montefiore, T. (2025) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-025-10091-6
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Robertson, N. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/60490_2026_3
Metadata
- Authors
- Søraker, J. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Twente (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Søraker, Johnny Hartz
- Venue
- Metaphilosophy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 499-512
- ISSN
- 0026-1068 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9973
- OpenAlex
- W2110028086
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Metaphilosophy (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Digital Media and Philosophy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Cybernetics and Technology in Society
- Social Sciences › Communication › Cultural Studies and Postmodernism
- Keywords
- virtual worlds, Ihde, John Searle, three-dimensional virtual environments, internet, philosophy of technology
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