Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data*
Open accessAbstract
This paper proposes new error correction‐based cointegration tests for panel data. The limiting distributions of the tests are derived and critical values provided. Our simulation results suggest that the tests have good small‐sample properties with small size distortions and high power relative to other popular residual‐based panel cointegration tests. In our empirical application, we present evidence suggesting that international healthcare expenditures and GDP are cointegrated once the possibility of an invalid common factor restriction has been accounted for.
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“This study employed Error Correction-based panel cointegration tests introduced by Westerlund (2007) and modified by Persyn and Westerlund (2008).”
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- Authors
- Westerlund, J.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Westerlund, Joakim
- ORCID
- Westerlund, Joakim
- Venue
- Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-07-25
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 709-748
- ISSN
- 0305-9049 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-0084
- OpenAlex
- W2147422150
- Cited by
- 6,113
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 783 · 2025: 725 · 2024: 839 · 2023: 930 · 2022: 760 · 2021: 465 · 2020: 320 · 2019: 239 · 2018: 163 · 2017: 148 · 2016: 158 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 131 · 2013: 127 · 2012: 89
- FWCI
- 50.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- lup.lub.lu.se
- Licence
- Locations
- Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Spatial and Panel Data Analysis
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › General Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Productivity
- Keywords
- error correction model, panel cointegration tests, asymptotic distribution, critical values, small sample properties
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