Life stressors as risk factors in depression.
Abstract
Compelling evidence for an association between major adverse life experience and subsequent major depression is reviewed. Determining individual vulnerability to life stress and the effect of stressors on treatment outcome of depression are highlighted as the next major targets for contemporary stress research. Methodological concerns in the evaluation of stressors are detailed, and available data on variables that may influence the stress-depression relationship are presented. The critical importance of multivariate models in understanding individual vulnerability and outcome is emphasized. As methods for ascertaining stressful life events and chronic stressors continue to be refined, and models addressing the complex relationship of stressors and depression continue to be developed, prediction of stressor effects in onset and outcome of major depression will become increasingly more precise.
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Depressed persons have a 2.5-fold greater likelihood of experiencing a major life event prior to onset of depression compared to nondepressed persons during the same time period, based on the most conservative estimate from a patient sample restricted to fateful life events independent of the person's actions.
“the most conservative estimate of the relation between stress and depression-which is based on a patient sample and restricted to fateful life events that are entirely independent of the person's actions or behaviors-is that depressed persons have a 2.5-fold greater likelihood of experiencing a major life event prior to onset of depression compared to nondepressed persons during the same time”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Mazure, 1998
Exposure to recent major life stress is considered the strongest proximal risk factor for MDD in community samples, with up to 80% of major depressive episodes in the general population being precipitated by such stress.
“exposure to recent major life stress is considered to be the strongest proximal risk factor for MDD in community samples, with up to 80% of major depressive episodes in the general population being precipitated by such stress”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Mazure, 1998
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References 185 · Cited by 535
- Authors
- Mazure, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mazure, Carolyn M.
- ORCID
- Mazure, Carolyn M.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 291-313
- ISSN
- 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2850
- OpenAlex
- W2020506565
- Cited by
- 535
- References
- 185
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
- Keywords
- life events, major depressive disorder, chronic stress, risk factors for depression, individual susceptibility, depression treatment outcomes, multivariate models
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