The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measurement Issues: Screening and diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders – lessons from research and practise
Open accessAbstract
Background and Scope: Significant progress has been made over the past two decades in the development of screening and diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders ( ASDs ). This article reviews this progress, including recent innovations, focussing on those instruments for which the strongest research data on validity exists, and then addresses issues arising from their use in clinical settings. Findings: Research studies have evaluated the ability of screens to prospectively identify cases of ASD in population‐based and clinically referred samples, as well as the accuracy of diagnostic instruments to map onto ‘gold standard’ clinical best estimate diagnosis. However, extension of the findings to clinical services must be done with caution, with a full understanding that instrument properties are sample‐specific. Furthermore, we are limited by the lack of a true test for ASD which remains a behaviourally defined disorder. In addition, screening and diagnostic instruments help clinicians least in the cases where they are most in want of direction, as their accuracy will always be lower for marginal cases. Conclusion: Instruments help clinicians to collect detailed, structured information and increase accuracy and reliability of referral for in‐depth assessment and recommendations for support, but further research is needed to refine their effective use in clinical settings.
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“Although expert clinical judgement was previously believed to be more reliable than reliance on instrument scores alone for the diagnosis of ASD 133 , more recent evidence suggests this may not be true at least in toddlers and preschool children 134”
From Autism spectrum disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [134]
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Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
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American Psychiatric Association (2000) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349 · Cited by 11,069
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065
Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005592401947 · Cited by 7,520
Wing, L., & Gould, J. (1979) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531288 · Cited by 2,587 · cited 1×
“These include two algorithms operationalising the ICD-10/DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder and Asperger’s Disorder, a 5-item algorithm based on Wing and Gould (1979) criteria for ASDs and an algorithm based on Ehlers and Gillberg (1993) criteria for Asperger’s Disorder.”
MethodBaird, G., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., & Charman, T. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69041-7 · Cited by 2,104
Self-citationIdentification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Johnson, C. P., Myers, S. M., & and the Council on Children With Disabilities (2007) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2361 · Cited by 2,011
Standardizing ADOS Scores for a Measure of Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Gotham, K., Pickles, A., & Lord, C. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0674-3 · Cited by 1,605
Self-citationRobins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A. (2001) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1010738829569 · Cited by 1,563 · cited 3×
“In their initial report, Robins et al. (2001) had tested 1122 unselected children (initially at 18 months, but subsequently at 24 months of age) and 171 children referred for early intervention services (considered to be at high risk of having an ASD or other developmental disability).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAutism screening questionnaire: diagnostic validity
Berument, S. K., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Pickles, A., & Bailey, A. (1999) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.175.5.444 · Cited by 1,464
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- Constantino J.N., 2005, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)
- Lord C., 1999, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Manual
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Sorted by citations
Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M. V., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61539-1 · Cited by 2,371
Lord, C., Brugha, T. S., Charman, T., Cusack, J., Dumas, G., Frazier, T., Jones, E. J. H., Jones, R. M., Pickles, A., State, M. W., et al. (2020) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-019-0138-4 · Cited by 1,859
Self-citationRichards, C., Jones, C., Groves, L., Moss, J. F., & Oliver, C. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00376-4 · Cited by 419
Howes, O. D., Rogdaki, M., Findon, J. L., Wichers, R. H., Charman, T., King, B. H., Loth, E., McAlonan, G. M., McCracken, J. T., Parr, J. R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117741766 · Cited by 342
Self-citationConstantino, J. N., & Charman, T. (2016) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00151-9 · Cited by 294
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Charman, T., & Gotham, K.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-04-04
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 52-63
- ISSN
- 1475-357X (ISSN-L)
- 1475-3588
- PMC
- PMC3607539
- OpenAlex
- W2015943070
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066496, T32MH018921, F32MH066469)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD065277)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, screening tool, diagnostic tools, assessment validity, diagnosis, marginal cases, clinical practice
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