Cited by 500Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 260 of the 260 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Alzheimer's disease, β‐amyloid, glutamate, NMDA receptors and memantine – searching for the connections

Open access

Danysz, Wojciech, Parsons, Chris G·2012·British Journal of Pharmacology

DOI 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02057.xPMC PMC3481041

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

β‐amyloid (Aβ) is widely accepted to be one of the major pathomechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD), although there is presently lively debate regarding the relative roles of particular species/forms of this peptide. Most recent evidence indicates that soluble oligomers rather than plaques are the major cause of synaptic dysfunction and ultimately neurodegeneration. Soluble oligomeric Aβ has been shown to interact with several proteins, for example glutamatergic receptors of the NMDA type and proteins responsible for maintaining glutamate homeostasis such as uptake and release. As NMDA receptors are critically involved in neuronal plasticity including learning and memory, we felt that it would be valuable to provide an up to date review of the evidence connecting Aβ to these receptors and related neuronal plasticity. Strong support for the clinical relevance of such interactions is provided by the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. This substance is the only NMDA receptor antagonist used clinically in the treatment of AD and therefore offers an excellent tool to facilitate translational extrapolations from in vitro studies through in vivo animal experiments to its ultimate clinical utility.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02057.x

Cites

260 of 260 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

1 retracted

Items 201–260 of 260

Effects of Memantine on Neuronal Structure and Conditioned Fear in the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Dong, H., Yuede, C. M., Coughlan, C. A., Lewis, B. L., & Csernansky, J. G. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.53 · Cited by 65
Loss of glycine-dependent radioligand binding to the receptor complex in patients with Alzheimer's disease
PROCTER, A. W., Stirling, J. M., Stratmann, G. C., Cross, A. J., & Bowen, D. M. (1989) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(89)90441-2 · Cited by 64
Behavioural and cellular effects of exogenous amyloid-β peptides in rodents
Chambon, C., Wegener, N., Gravius, A., & Danysz, W. (2011) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.024 · Cited by 61
Self-citation
AD synapses contain abundant Aβ monomer and multiple soluble oligomers, including a 56-kDa assembly
Sokolow, S., Henkins, K. M., Bilousova, T. V., Miller, C. A., Vinters, H. V., Poon, W. W., Cole, G. M., & Gylys, K. H. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.05.011 · Cited by 61
Reversion of β25–35-amyloid peptide-induced amnesia by NMDA receptor-associated glycine site agonists
Maurice, T., Lockhart, B. P., Su, T., & Privat, A. (1996) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(96)00710-x · Cited by 60
High content screen microscopy analysis of Aβ1–42-induced neurite outgrowth reduction in rat primary cortical neurons: Neuroprotective effects of α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands
Hu, M., Schurdak, M. E., Puttfarcken, P. S., Kouhen, R. E., Gopalakrishnan, M., & Li, J. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.051 · Cited by 60
Enhancement of NMDA responses by β-amyloid peptides in the hippocampus in vivo
Molnár, Z., Soós, K., Lengyel, I., Penke, B., Szegedi, V., & Budai, D. (2004) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000134471.06244.d2 · Cited by 60
Toxicity of β-amyloid in HEK293 cells expressing NR1/NR2A or NR1/NR2B N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits
Domingues, A. M. D. J., Almeida, S., DACRUZESILVA, E., Oliveira, C. R., & Rego, A. C. (2007) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2007.03.001 · Cited by 60
Neurotoxic consequences of central long-term administration of interleukin-2 in rats
Hanisch, U., Neuhaus, J., Rowe, W. B., van Rossum, D., Möller, T., Kettenmann, H., & Quirion, R. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00040-7 · Cited by 59
Effect of Subchronic Treatment of Memantine, Galantamine, and Nicotine in the Brain of Tg2576 (APPswe) Transgenic Mice
Lithner, C. U., Svedberg, M. M., Yu, W., Hedberg, M. M., & Nordberg, A. K. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.105.098566 · Cited by 59
Lithium, phenserine, memantine and pioglitazone reverse memory deficit and restore phospho-GSK3β decreased in hippocampus in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced memory deficit model
Ponce-López, T., Liy-Salmerón, G., Hong, E., & Meneses, A. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.09.056 · Cited by 59
Synapses, synaptic activity and intraneuronal Aβ in Alzheimer’s disease
Tampellini, D. (2010) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2010.00013 · Cited by 58
The role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the Aβ-mediated impairment of LTP and regulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus
Costello, D. A., & Herron, C. E. (2004) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2003.11.016 · Cited by 58
Cognitive dysfunction induced by sequential injection of amyloid-β and ibotenate into the bilateral hippocampus; protection by memantine and MK-801
Nakamura, S., Murayama, N., Noshita, T., Katsuragi, R., & Ohno, T. (2006) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.07.049 · Cited by 58
Subchronic memantine administration on spatial learning, exploratory activity, and nest-building in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Filali, M., Lalonde, R., & Rivest, S. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.035 · Cited by 55
The effects of mitochondrial failure upon cholinergic toxicity in the nucleus basalis
Wenk, G. L., Danysz, W., & Roice, D. (1996) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199606170-00001 · Cited by 54
Self-citation
Amyloid Protein Precursor Stimulates Excitatory Amino Acid Transport
Masliah, E., Raber, J., Alford, M. F., Mallory, M. E., Mattson, M. P., Yang, D., Wong, D. T., & Mucke, L. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.20.12548 · Cited by 52
Ca2+Influx Amplifies Protein Kinase C Potentiation of Recombinant NMDA Receptors
Zheng, X., Zhang, L., Wang, A. P., Bennett, M. V. L., & Zukin, R. S. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-22-08676.1997 · Cited by 51
Excitotoxic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of dementia
Dodd, P. R., Scott, H. L., & Westphalen, R. I. (1994) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/0197-0186(94)90064-7 · Cited by 50
Dysregulation of calcium in Alzheimer's disease
Brzyska, M., & Elbaum, D. (2003) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-2003-1465 · Cited by 49
β-Amyloid-Induced Cholinergic Denervation Correlates with Enhanced Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Rat Cerebral Cortex: Reversal by NMDA Receptor Blockade
O'Mahony, S., Harkany, T., Rensink, A. A. M., et al. (1998) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00405-x · Cited by 45
Memantine treatment decreases levels of secreted Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide in the human neuroblastoma cells
Ray, B., Banerjee, P., Greig, N. H., & Lahiri, D. K. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.016 · Cited by 45
Suppressive action produced by β-amyloid peptide fragment 31–35 on long-term potentiation in rat hippocampus is N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-independent: it's offset by (−)huperzine A
Ye, L., & Qiao, J. (1999) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00795-8 · Cited by 45
A β‐amyloid oligomer directly modulates P/Q‐type calcium currents inXenopusoocytes
Mezler, M., Barghorn, S., Schoemaker, H., Gross, G., & Nimmrich, V. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01646.x · Cited by 43
Amyloid β‐peptide activates nuclear factor‐κB through an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate signaling pathway in cultured cerebellar cells
Kawamoto, E. M., Lepsch, L. B., Cury‐Boaventura, M. F., Munhoz, C. D., Lima, L. S., Yshii, L., Avellar, M. C. W., Curi, R., Mattson, M. P., & Scavone, C. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.21548 · Cited by 43
Higher Soluble Amyloid β Concentration in Frontal Cortex of Young Adults than in Normal Elderly or Alzheimer's Disease
Helmond, Z. V., Miners, J. S., Kehoe, P. G., & Love, S. (2010) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2010.00374.x · Cited by 42
Evidence for Lysosomotropism of Memantine in Cultured Human Cells: Cellular Kinetics and Effects of Memantine on Phospholipid Content and Composition, Membrane Fluidity and β‐Adrenergic Transmission
Honegger, U. E., Quack, G., & WIESMANN, U. N. (1993) · Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1993.tb01564.x · Cited by 42
Folic Acid Potentiates the Effect of Memantine on Spatial Learning and Neuronal Protection in an Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Model
Chen, T., Huang, R.-F. S., Lin, S., Lu, J., Tang, M.-C., & Chiu, M. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1396 · Cited by 41
Mechanism of impairment of long-term potentiation by amyloid β is independent of NMDA receptors or voltage-dependent calcium channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
Nomura, I., Kato, N., Kita, T., & Takechi, H. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.024 · Cited by 40
Amyloid precursor protein‐processing products affect mononuclear phagocyte activation: pathways for sAPP‐ and Aβ‐mediated neurotoxicity
Ikezu, T., Luo, X., Weber, G. A., Zhao, J., McCabe, L., Buescher, J. L., Ghorpade, A., Zheng, J., & Xiong, H. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01739.x · Cited by 39
Amyloid β-peptide inhibits Na+-dependent glutamate uptake
Lauderback, C. M., Harris‐White, M. E., Wang, Y., Pedigo, N. W., Carney, J. M., & Butterfield, D. A. (1999) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00459-2 · Cited by 39
Divergent effects of Aβ1–42 on ionotropic glutamate receptor-mediated responses in CA1 neurons in vivo
Szegedi, V., Juhász, G., Budai, D., & Penke, B. (2005) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.09.014 · Cited by 39
β-Amyloid Enhances Glial Glutamate Uptake Activity and Attenuates Synaptic Efficacy
Ikegaya, Y., Matsuura, S., Ueno, S., Baba, A., Yamada, M. K., Nishiyama, N., & Matsuki, N. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m203764200 · Cited by 39
3-Nitropropionic acid toxicity in hippocampus: Protection throughN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism
Karanian, D. A., Baude, A. S., Brown, Q. B., Parsons, C. G., & Bahr, B. A. (2006) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20214 · Cited by 39
Self-citation
Effects of memantine on soluble Aβ25-35-induced changes in peptidergic and glial cells in Alzheimer’s disease model rat brain regions
Arif, M., Chikuma, T., Ahmed, M. M., Nakazato, M., Smith, M. A., & Kato, T. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.08.063 · Cited by 38
Therapeutically relevant plasma concentrations of memantine produce significant L-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor occupation and do not impair learning in rats
Morè, L., Gravius, A., Nagel, J., Valastro, B., Greco, S., & Danysz, W. (2008) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283123cad · Cited by 38
Self-citation
Inhibition of calpain prevents NMDA‐induced cell death and β‐amyloid‐induced synaptic dysfunction in hippocampal slice cultures
Nimmrich, V., Reymann, K., Straßburger, M., Schöder, U. H., Gross, G., Hahn, A., Schoemaker, H., Wicke, K. M., & Möller, A. (2010) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00652.x · Cited by 34
Magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological results from a trial of memantine in Alzheimer's disease
Weiner, M. W., Sadowsky, C., Saxton, J. A., Hofbauer, R. K., Graham, S. M., Yu, S. Y., Li, S., Hsu, H., Suhy, J., Fridman, M., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2010.09.003 · Cited by 34
Amyloid β protein enhances the clearance of extracellular l-glutamate by cultured rat cortical astrocytes
Abe, K., & Misawa, M. (2002) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(02)00190-6 · Cited by 31
The effect of a secreted form of β‐amyloid‐precursor protein on intracellular Ca2+ increase in rat cultured hippocampal neurones
Koizumi, S., Ishiguro, M., Ohsawa, I., et al. (1998) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701712 · Cited by 29
Modulation of Na+,K+ pumping and neurotransmitter uptake by β-amyloid
Gu, Q. B., Zhao, J., Fei, J., et al. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.03.022 · Cited by 29
Comparison of donepezil and memantine for protective effect against amyloid-beta(1–42) toxicity in rat septal neurons
Kimura, M., Komatsu, H., Ogura, H., et al. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.036 · Cited by 27
A unifying hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. II. Pathophysiological processes
Heininger, K. (1999) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1077(199912)14:8 · Cited by 27
β-amyloid and glutamate receptors
Gasparini, L., & Dityatev, A. E. (2008) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.03.005 · Cited by 24
Glutamate neurotoxicity and Alzheimer's disease
Hardy, J., & Cowburn, R. F. (1987) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(87)90008-7 · Cited by 24
Brain amyloid β protein and memory disruption in Alzheimer’s disease
Xia, W. (2010) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s7460 · Cited by 24
Molecules that Disrupt Memory Circuits in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Attack on Synapses by Aβ Oligomers (ADDLs)
Klein, W. L., Lacor, P. N., Felice, F. G. D., & Ferreira, S. T. (2007) · Research and perspectives in neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-45702-2_11 · Cited by 23
Fibrillar β-Amyloid Impairs the Late Phase of Long Term Potentiation
Puzzo, D., & Arancio, O. (2006) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/156720506777632871 · Cited by 23
Glutamate Exacerbates Amyloid β1 − 42-Induced Impairment of Long-Term Potentiation in Rat Hippocampal Slices
Nakagami, Y., & Oda, T. (2002) · The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1254/jjp.88.223 · Cited by 21
Increased expression of PAD2 after repeated intracerebroventricular infusions of soluble Aβ25–35 in the Alzheimer’s disease model rat brain: Effect of memantine
Arif, M., & Kato, T. (2009) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.2478/s11658-009-0029-x · Cited by 19
Activation of NR1a/NR2B receptors by soluble factors from APP-stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Xiong, H., McCabe, L., Costello, J., Anderson, E., Weber, G. A., & Ikezu, T. (2004) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.09.007 · Cited by 18
Aβ Toxicity in Primary Cultured Neurons
Ferreira, A., Sinjoanu, R. C., Nicholson, A. M., & Kleinschmidt, S. (2010) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-744-0_11 · Cited by 14
New updated GRAC Fifth Edition with searchable online version Launch of new portal Guide to Pharmacology in association with NC‐IUPHAR Transporter‐Themed Issue
Alexander, S., Harmar, A. J., & McGrath, I. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01751.x · Cited by 9
P1‐017: Memantine reverses ß‐amyloid oligomers‐induced deficits in long term potentiation (LTP) in murine hippocampal slices
Parsons, C. G., Albrecht, M., & Rammes, G. (2009) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.020 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
P4‐334: Combination of memantine and donepezil reverses cognitive deficits in transgenic mice with both amyloid‐beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
LaFerla, F. M., Martínez‐Coria, H., Green, K. N., et al. (2009) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2009.07.113 · Cited by 7
Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptors
Witkin, J. M., Kaminski, R. M., & Rogawski, M. A. (2002) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-306-4_2 · Cited by 5
P1–001: Memantine reverses cognitive deficits in transgenic mice with both plaques and tangles
Banerjee, P., Luhrs, L. B., & LeFerla, F. M. (2006) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.376 · Cited by 5
Memantine inhibits the expression of caspase‐8 and improves learning in rats injected with [beta]‐amyloid (A[beta] 1–40 )
Miguel-Hidalgo, J. J., Paul, I. A., Wanzo, V., et al. (2006) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.20.5.a1135-a · Cited by 3
Impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation by Alzheimer amyloid ?-peptides
Chen, Q.-S., Kagan, B. L., Hirakura, Y., & Xie, C.-W. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(20000401)60:1
Untitled work
Klegeris (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19970715)49:2

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Danysz W, 1995, Glutamate in CNS disorders – a revived target for drug development, Drug News Perspect, 8, 261
Von Euler G, 2008, Soluble Aβ42 oligomers do not cause synaptic degeneration through direct binding to NMDA receptor sites for glutamate, glycine, and non‐competitive blockers, Society for Neuroscience Abstracts, 34, #829.07
10.1042/BST0331087 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, T., Zhang, D., Zeng, Y., Huang, T. Y., Xu, H., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-020-00391-7 · Cited by 994
The Role of NMDA Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease
Liu, J., Chang, L., Song, Y., Li, H., & Wu, Y. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00043 · Cited by 535
Long-term cognitive impairment after acute respiratory distress syndrome: a review of clinical impact and pathophysiological mechanisms
Sasannejad, C., Ely, E. W., & Lahiri, S. (2019) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-019-2626-z · Cited by 326
Dendritic Tau in Alzheimer’s Disease
Ittner, A., & Ittner, L. M. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.003 · Cited by 278
NMDA receptors and memory encoding
Morris, R. G. M. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.014 · Cited by 295

See all 500

Authors: Danysz, W., & Parsons, C. G.
Affiliations: Merz (Germany) (DE)
Corresponding author: Parsons, Chris G
ORCID: Danysz, Wojciech
Parsons, Chris G
Venue: British Journal of Pharmacology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2012-08-22
Volume: 167
Issue: 2
Pages: 324-352
ISSN: 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
1476-5381
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02057.x
PMC: PMC3481041
OpenAlex: W1561114541
Cited by: 500
References: 260
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 2.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta, NMDA receptor, glutamate, glutamate homeostasis, synaptic dysfunction, neurodegeneration, neuroplasticity, learning and memory, memantine, NMDA receptor antagonists, amyloid plaques
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Memantine, Dopamine Agents, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Glutamic Acid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Alzheimer's disease, β‐amyloid, glutamate, NMDA receptors and memantine – searching for the connections

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks