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Development of a New Pharmacological Seizure Model: Effects of Anticonvulsants on Cortical‐and Amygdala‐Kindled Seizures in the Rat
Abstract
Summary: The potency of eight standard anticonvulsants was tested in dose‐response studies on kindled rats. Animals with either amygdala‐ or cortical‐generalized seizures were used, and the effects of drugs were assessed on: (1) amygdala focal activity; (2) cortical focal activity; and (3) the generalized convulsion triggered from either focus. Ethosuximide, which is used against absence attacks, was not effective at subtoxic levels against any type of kindled seizure. The seven other drugs, all of which are effective against tonic‐clonic seizures, were found to be: (a) most potent against generalized convulsive seizures; (b) slightly less potent against cortical focal activity; and (c) only partially effective against amygdala focal activity even at high (toxic) doses. The effect of these drugs on kindled seizures closely parallels their known clinical effects against (respectively) tonic‐clonic, simple partial, and complex partial attacks. It is concluded that the kindling preparation could provide new pharmacological models for several different types of clinical seizure. Its most important use, however, is likely to be as a model for complex partial seizures, since there is at present no satisfactory pharmacological model for these common and drug‐resistant attacks. RESUME: L'efficacité de 8 anti‐épileptiques standard a été testée au cours d‘études portant sur les réponses thérapeutiques obtenues en fonction des doses pres‐crites. Ces études ont été effectuées sur des rats présentant une épilepsie par “kindling.” Des animaux avec crises généralisées à point de départ amygdalien ou cortical ont été utilisées et les effets des médicaments ont été jugés sur: (a) l'activité du foyer amygdalien; (b) l'activité du foyer cortical; (c) la crises généralisée déclenchée à partir de l'un ou l'autre de ces foyers. L’éthosuximide, utilisée contre les absences du Petit Mal, s'est avérée inefficace, même à des niveaux subtoxiques, sur tous les types de crises pro‐voquées par le “kindling.” Les sept autres médicaments, tous efficacec contre les crises généralisées tonico‐cloniques, se sont montrés: (a) les plus efficaces contre les crises convulsives généralisées; (b) légère‐ment moins efficaces en vers l'activité focale corticate; et (c) seulement partiellement efficaces envers l'activite focale amygdalienne, même à des doses élevées (toxiques). L'action de ces produits sur les crises du “kindling” est très parallèle à ce que Ton sait de leur efficacité en pratique clinique à l‘égard des crises généralisées tonico‐cloniques, des crises partielles à séméiologie élémentaire et de celles à séméiologie complexe. Les auteurs en concluent que l'utilisation du “kindling” peut fournir de nouveaux modèle pharm‐acologiques pour plusieurs types différents de crises épileptiques. Toutefois, son intérêt principal réside vraisembablement dans le fait qu'il peut servir de modèle pour les crises partielles à séméiologie complexe puisque il n'existe pas à I'heure actuelle de modèle pharmacologique satisfaisant de ces crises pourtant fréquentes et souvent résistantes aux médications.
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Cites
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Sodium Valproate: A Review of its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Efficacy in Epilepsy
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Cited by
Kindling: basic mechanisms and clinical validity
Sato, M., Racine, R. J., & McIntyre, D. C. (1990) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(90)90099-6 · Cited by 314
Gangisetty, O., & Reddy, D. S. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.037 · Cited by 84
Tolerance to anticonvulsant effects of diazepam, clonazepam, and clobazam in amygdala-kindled rats
Rosenberg, H. C., Tietz, E. I., & Chiu, T. H. (1989) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05299.x · Cited by 48
Serralta, A., Barcia, J. A., Ortiz, P., Durán, C., Hernández, M. E., & Alós, M. (2006) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.02.003 · Cited by 33
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Metadata
- Authors
- Albright, P. S., & Burnham, W. M.
- Venue
- Epilepsia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1980-12
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 681-689
- ISSN
- 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-1167
- OpenAlex
- W2053715516
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 8.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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