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Temporal Lobe Volumetric Cell Densities in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Babb, Thomas L., Brown, W. Jann, Pretorius, James, Davenport, Cynthia, Lieb, Jeffrey P., Crandall, Paul H.·1984·Epilepsia

Abstract

Summary: Volumetric cell densities in 13 different sub‐fields of the temporal lobe were calculated to test various hypotheses about mesial and lateral temporal lobe sclerosis in patients with complex partial epilepsy. In patients benefitting (primary group) from anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL), sclerosis was greater (fewer cells) in anterior than in posterior hippocampus. By contrast, the patients lacking full benefit (nonprimary group) from ATL had decreased numbers of neurons equally distributed from anterior to posterior hippocampus, indicating that zones of mesial temporal cell loss are linked to zones of epilep‐togenicity. These data support a model of focal hippo‐campal epilepsy originating from zones of cell loss and synaptic reorganization that is epileptic. There were no differences in cell densities in gyrus hippocampi or in lateral temporal gyri when patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and controls were compared. Hippocampal cell densities in mesial temporal lobe were not reduced in psychomotor epileptic patients with extrahippocampal foci consisting of foreign tissue. Variables in seizure histories were not correlated with Ammon's horn cell densities, indicating that most of the sclerosis preceded the seizures, which did virtually no significant further damage to hippocampus with repeated partial or generalized seizures. RESUMEN: Para comprobar las diversas hipótesis existentes acerca de esclerosis de la portión mesial y lateral del lobulo temporal en los epilépticos con crisis complejas parciales, se han calculado las densidades volumétricas de las células en trece sub‐campos diferentes. En los enfermos que se habían beneficiado de una previa lobectomia temporal (ATL), (grupo primario), la esclerosis fué significativamente mayor (menor cantidad de células) en el hipocampo anterior que en el hipocampo posterior. Por el contrario, los pacientes que no disfrutaron del beneficio com‐pleto de la ATL (grupo no‐primario) tenían un número reducido de neuronas, igualmente distribuídas en el hipocampo anterior y posterior, lo que indicaba que ciertas zonas de pérdida de células en región temporal mesial estaban en conexión con zonas de epileptogénesis. Esta información apoya un modelo de epilepsía focal hipocámpica que se origina en zonas de pérdida de células y reorganización sináptica, que es epileptogénica. No se encon‐traron diferencias en las densidades celulares en las circunvo‐luciones del hipocampo o en las circunvoluciones temporales latérales cuando se compararon los lóbulos temporales de epi‐lépticos con los de los contróles. Las densidades celulares del hipocampo en las regiones mesiales del lóbulo temporal no es‐taban reducidas en epilépticos psicomotores con focos extrahi‐pocámpicos formados por tejidos ajenos. Las variables en las historias de los ataques no se correlacionaban con las densidades celulares del cuerno de Ammon lo que indica que la mayor parte de la esclerosis se produjo antes de los ataques y que estos no produjeron, virtualmente, ningún daño adicional al hipocampo aún en presencia de ataques parciales o generalizados. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die Zelldichte wurde an 13 verschiedenen Stellen des Tem‐porallappens volumetrisch berechnet, um verschiedene Hypoth‐esen über die Bedeutung mesialer und lateraler Teporallap‐penslkerose für komplexe Partialepilepsien zu untersuchen. Bei Patienten nach vorderer temporaler Lobektomie (ATL, primäre Gruppe) war die Sklerose im vorderen Hippokampus signifikant größer (weniger Zellen) als im hinteren Hippokampus. Im Ge‐gensatz hierzu zeigten Patienten, die durch die ATL nicht an‐fallsfrei wurden (nicht primäre Gruppe) eine Abnahme der Neurone, die sich gleichermaßen auf den vorderen und hinteren Hippokampus erstreckten. Dieser Befund deütet darauf, daß Zonen eines mesialen temporalen Zellverlustes Zonen einer Epilepto‐genität entsprechen. Die Ergebnisse unterstiitzen das Modell einer fokalen Hippokampus‐Epilepsie, deren Ursprung in Gebieten mit Zellverlust und synaptischer Reorganisierung liegt, die als epileptisch anzusehen sind. Es bestanden keine Unter‐schiede in der Zelldichte zwischen dem Gyrus hippocampi oder der lateralen Temporalwindung, wenn man Patienten mit Tem‐porallappenepilepsie und Kontrollen miteinander verglich. Die Dichte der Hippokampuszellen im medialen Temporallappen war bei Patienten mit psychomotorischer Epilepsie nicht reduziert, die extrahippokampale foci aus Fremdgewebe hatten. Unter‐schiede in der Anfallsanamnese waren nicht mit unterschied‐licher Dichte der Ammonshornzellen korreliert; das spricht dafür, daß die Sklerose meistens den Anfällen vorhergeht, die ihrerseits keine signifikanten weiteren Hippokampusschädi‐gungen durch wiederholte fokale oder generalisierte Anfälle zu‐fügen.

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Metadata

Authors
Babb, T. L., Brown, W. J., Pretorius, J., Davenport, C., Lieb, J. P., & Crandall, P. H.
Venue
Epilepsia
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1984-12
Volume
25
Issue
6
Pages
729-740
ISSN
  • 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
  • 1528-1167
OpenAlex
W2081640810
Cited by
489
References
1
FWCI
4.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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Babb, T. L., Brown, W. J., Pretorius, J., Davenport, C., Lieb, J. P., & Crandall, P. H. (1984). Temporal Lobe Volumetric Cell Densities in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Epilepsia. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1984.tb03484.x

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