Cited by 114Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity StudiesEpilepsy research and treatmentHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

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Circulating Hormones and Pituitary Responsiveness in Young Epileptic Men Receiving Long‐Term Antiepileptic Medication

Abstract

Summary: Impairment of libido and sexual potency are commonly reported by male epileptic patients. This may be partly a consequence of medication. Circulating hormones were measured in 53 postpubertal male epileptic patients <45 years of age and in an age‐matched control group (n = 40), consisting of 14 untreated epileptic patients and 26 unmedicated healthy subjects. A subgroup also underwent a combined gonadotrophin‐ and thyrotro‐phin‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH/TRH) pituitary stimulation test. Untreated patients did not differ from healthy subjects for any parameter, and their data were combined for comparison with the treated epileptic patients. Total testosterone (T), androstenedione, and basal follicle‐stimulating hormone concentrations were similar in all patient groups. Patients receiving more than one drug had higher sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (p < 0.01) and lower free T and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) levels (both p < 0.001) than controls. Carbam‐azepine (CBZ) monotherapy also reduced free T (p < 0.05) and DHAS (p < 0.001) and increased basal prolactin (p < 0.01). In these two groups of patients, basal luteinising hormone (LH) was elevated (p < 0.01), presumably as a pituitary response to increased T catabolism. There was a negative correlation between free T and circulating CBZ (r = ‐ 0.54, p < 0.05) in the monotherapy patients. Phenytoin (PHT) was associated with a rise in SHBG (p < 0.01) and a fall in DHAS (p < 0.001). Basal LH was also elevated, but this just failed to reach statistical significance (p < 0.1). Valproate (VPA) did not appear to affect the level of any measured hormone. Pituitary responsiveness to LH‐RH/TRH was similar for all groups, except for stimulated prolactin (PRL) levels, which were highest in the CBZ monotherapy patients (p < 0.05). These data suggest a differential, and possibly deleterious, influence of enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on sex hormone levels. Patients receiving more than one AED showed the greatest perturbation in hormone profile. Valproate may provide a useful alternative for male epileptic patients reporting sexual dysfunction. RÉSUMÉ: Les épileptiques signalent souvent une diminution de la libido et des performances sexuelles. Ces deéiciences peuvent être partiellement ltées à la thérapeutique. Les taux hormonaux circulars ont étea mesurés chez 53 épileptiques mâles post‐pubères âgls de moins de 45 ans et chez des sujets contrôles apparies pour ľage (n = 40), dont 14 épileptiques non traiés et 26 sujets sains non traités. Certains sujets ont été soumis à un test combinea de stimulation hypophysaire (LH‐RH + TRH). Les patients non traités n'ont présente de difference pour aucun des parametres Itudils par rapport aux sujets sains. La testostérone (T) totale, ľandrostènedione et le taux basal de FSH éaient semblables dans tous les groupes. Par rapport aux sujets contrôles, les patients recevant plus ďun médicament antiépileptique présentaient une élévation de la SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) (p < 0.01), et une diminution de T libre et de sulfate de DHA (S‐DHA) (p < 0.001 pour les deux). La monotherapie par carbamazepine (CBZ) abaisse la T libre (p < 0.05) et le S‐DHA (p < 0.001), et augmente la prolactin6mie (PRL) basale (p < 0.01). Dans ces 2 groupes de patients, la LH de base était llevee (p < 0.01), vraisemblablement par réponse hypophysaire àľaugmentation du catabolisme de la T. II y avait une corrélation négative entre la T libre et le taux sanguin de CBZ (r = ‐0.54, p < 0.05) chez les patients en monothérapie par CBZ. La phénytoine entraîne une é1évation de la SHBG (p < 0.01) et une diminution du S‐DHA (p < 0.001). La LH de base était égale‐ment élevée, mais sans atteindre une valeur significative (p < 0.1). Le valproate ne semble pas modifier les valeurs hormon‐ales. La réponse hypopnysaire à la stimulation couplée LHRH7 TRH a été semblable dans tous les groupes, àľexception de la réponse de la PRL, plus élevée chez les patients en monothérapie par CBZ (p < 0.05). RESUMEN: Frecuentemente se ha publicado la alteración de la libido sexual en enfermos epilépticos varones. Esto peude ser parcialmente una consecuencia de la medicación. Se han medido las hormonas circulantes en 53 varones epilépticos post‐puberales de menos de 45 años y en un grupo control (n = 40) de edades comparables que consistía en 14 pacientes epilépticos no tratados y 26 sujetos normales sin ninguna medicación. También se practiceó un test de estimulación pituitaria determinando el factor liberador de la gonadotropina y la tirotropina (LH‐RH/TRH). Los pacientes no tratados no se diferenciaron de los sujetos sanos en ningún parámetro y sus datos fueron combinados para compararlos con los pacientes epilépticos tratados. Las concen‐traciones de testosterona (T), androsteneidona y hormona basal estimuladora folicular fueron semejantes en todos los grupos de enfermos. Los pacientes que recibían más de una medicación tenfan cifras de globulina captadora de hormona sexual más elevadas (SHBG) (p < 0.01) y niveles más bajos de T libre y de sulfato de dehidroepiandro sterona (DHAS) que los controles (ambas con p < 0.001). La monoterapia con Carbamacepina (CBZ) redujo la T libre (p < 0.05) y la DHAS (p < 0.001) e incrementé la prolactina basal (p < 0.01). En estos dos grupos de pacientes la hormona lutefnica (LH) estaba elevada (p < 0.01), probablemente debido a una respuesta de la pituitaria a un in‐cremento del catabolismo de la T. Se encontrd una correlación negativa entre la T libre y la CBZ circulante (r = ‐0.54, p < 0.05) en los enfermos con monoterapia. La Fenitoína se asoció a una elevación de la SHBG (p < 0.01) y a una reduccidn de la DHAS (p < 0.001). La LH basal tambiln estaba elevada pero no alcanzd significado estadfstico (p < 0.1). El Valproate (VPA) no parece afectar el nivel de ninguna hormona medida. La respuesta de la pituitaria a la LH‐RH/TRH ha sido similar para todos los grupos, con la excepción de los niveles de PRL estimulados que fueron mas elevados en los pacientes con monoterapia de CBZ (p < 0.05). Esta informatión sugiere que existe una influencia diferencial y posiblemente perjudicial de las drogas epiléticas influenciando las enzimas que actúan sobre niveles de las hormonas sexuales. Los pacientes que reciben más de una medicación antiépillptica muestran una perturbación más elevada en el perfil hormonal. La VPA puede proporcionar una alternativa utilizable para epilépticos varones que declaran una disfunción sexual.

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Metadata

Authors
Macphee, G. J. A., Larkin, J. G., Butler, E., Beastall, G. H., & Brodie, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Western Infirmary (GB)
  • Glasgow Royal Infirmary (GB)
Corresponding author
Brodie, Martin J.
Venue
Epilepsia
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1988-08
Volume
29
Issue
4
Pages
468-475
ISSN
  • 0013-9580 (ISSN-L)
  • 1528-1167
OpenAlex
W2108789124
Cited by
114
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
FWCI
5.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Epilepsia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Epilepsy research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords
epilepsy, male sexual dysfunction, antiepileptic drugs, enzyme-inducing drugs, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, pituitary responsiveness
MeSH terms
Adult, Androgens, Anticonvulsants, Carbamazepine, Epilepsy, Humans, Male, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones, Pituitary Hormones, Testosterone, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

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