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Cross‐Cultural Similarities and Differences in Person‐Body Reasoning: Experimental Evidence From the United Kingdom and Brazilian Amazon
Open accessAbstract
We report the results of a cross‐cultural investigation of person‐body reasoning in the United Kingdom and northern Brazilian Amazon (Marajó Island). The study provides evidence that directly bears upon divergent theoretical claims in cognitive psychology and anthropology, respectively, on the cognitive origins and cross‐cultural incidence of mind‐body dualism. In a novel reasoning task, we found that participants across the two sample populations parsed a wide range of capacities similarly in terms of the capacities’ perceived anchoring to bodily function. Patterns of reasoning concerning the respective roles of physical and biological properties in sustaining various capacities did vary between sample populations, however. Further, the data challenge prior ad‐hoc categorizations in the empirical literature on the developmental origins of and cognitive constraints on psycho‐physical reasoning (e.g., in afterlife concepts). We suggest cross‐culturally validated categories of “Body Dependent” and “Body Independent” items for future developmental and cross‐cultural research in this emerging area.
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In the Cohen et al. study, the rural Brazilian subjects-most entirely without formal education-were more dualistic than the U.K. subjects.
“What is particularly interesting about this study is that the rural Brazilian subjects -most of them entirely without formal education -were more dualistic than the U.K. subjects.”
From Body and Mind in Early China: An Integrated Humanities–Science Approach (2013) · cites this paper as Cohen et al. 2011
Section 4.1 says the Brazilian participants tended to reason more dualistically than the UK participants. The Introduction says a majority of the Brazilian participants had minimal (1–3 years) or no formal schooling; it does not say that most had none at all. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSubjects were quite likely to say that, even if they had entered a rock, they would still remember things, see things, or know things, but relatively unlikely to say that they would feel achy or sore or feel hungry.
“For instance, they were quite likely to say that, even if they had entered a rock, they would still remember things, see things, or know things, but relatively unlikely to say that they would feel achy or sore or feel hungry .”
From Body and Mind in Early China: An Integrated Humanities–Science Approach (2013) · cites this paper as Cohen et al. 2011
The sorts of capacities typically associated with mind tended to be seen as body-independent, while others remained tightly yoked to the physical body and many hover somewhere in between.
“The sorts of capacities that we typically associate with mind tended to be seen as body-independent -easily migrating to the rock or the plant -while others remained tightly yoked to the physical body and many hover somewhere in between.”
From Body and Mind in Early China: An Integrated Humanities–Science Approach (2013) · cites this paper as Cohen et al. 2011
In one recent study, Emma Cohen et al. (2011) found that, when asked to imagine having left their own body and entered a rock or a plant, subjects in both rural Brazil and Oxford viewed their capacities as more or less 'body dependent.'
“In one recent study, Emma Cohen et al. (2011) found that, when asked to imagine having left their own body and entered a rock or a plant, subjects in both rural Brazil and Oxford viewed their capacities as more or less ' body dependent. '”
From Body and Mind in Early China: An Integrated Humanities–Science Approach (2013) · cites this paper as Cohen et al. 2011
Cohen et al. speculate that this may be due to the U.K. subjects' exposure to Western biomedical and neurological education, with its message of an integrated mind-body system.
“Cohen et al. speculate that this may be due to the U.K. subjects ' exposure to Western biomedical and neurological education, with its message of an integrated mind -body system.”
From Body and Mind in Early China: An Integrated Humanities–Science Approach (2013) · cites this paper as Cohen et al. 2011
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Body and Mind in Early China: An Integrated Humanities–Science Approach
Slingerland, E. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Religion · doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfs094 · Cited by 115
Metadata
- Authors
- Cohen, E., Burdett, E., Knight, N., & Barrett, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cohen, Emma
- Venue
- Cognitive Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-03-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1282-1304
- ISSN
- 0364-0213 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-6709
- OpenAlex
- W2011838907
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cognitive Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- John Templeton Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- mind-body dualism, cross-cultural cognition, physiological function, cognitive development, Marajó Island, United Kingdom
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brazil, Child, Cognition, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Culture, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Human Body, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical
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