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Characterization of bacterial diversity in Pulque, a traditional Mexican alcoholic fermented beverage, as determined by 16S rDNA analysis
Abstract
The bacterial diversity in pulque, a traditional Mexican alcoholic fermented beverage, was studied in 16S rDNA clone libraries from three pulque samples. Sequenced clones identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus strain ASF360, L. kefir, L. acetotolerans, L. hilgardii, L. plantarum, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Microbacterium arborescens, Flavobacterium johnsoniae, Acetobacter pomorium, Gluconobacter oxydans, and Hafnia alvei, were detected for the first time in pulque. Identity of 16S rDNA sequenced clones showed that bacterial diversity present among pulque samples is dominated by Lactobacillus species (80.97%). Seventy-eight clones exhibited less than 95% of relatedness to NCBI database sequences, which may indicate the presence of new species in pulque samples.
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“Leuconostoc mesenteroides is the main microorganism involved in pulque fermentation. The strain IBT-PQ isolated from pulque produced a soluble linear dextran with glucose molecules linked by α-(1,6) bonds with branching from α-(1,3) bonds in a 4:1 ratio, respectively [181].”
From Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharides Producers: A Sustainable Tool for Functional Foods (2021) · cites this paper as [181]
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“Asterisk indicates significant difference as compared to the DNBS group (P<0.05) for example, Escalante et al. (2004, 2008) described LAB as the predominant bacteria in pulque as they identified different Lactobacillus spp. by 16S rDNA analysis (Lactobacillus strain ASF360, L. acidophilus) and…”
InfluentialThe Artisanal Production of Pulque, a Traditional Beverage of the Mexican Highlands
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“Besides, the genus Gluconobacter is of great industrial interest because of its use in vinegar and fermented food production and of its numerous biotechnological applications (6, 7, 8, 23).”
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“Finally, selected isolates were conserved in 50% glycerol at -70°C and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as described previously (Escalante et al. 2004; Escalante et al. 2008) by using fd1 + rd1 primer set resulting in the amplification of the entire 16S rRNA gene (Weisburg et al.”
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“…foods, such as L. acetotolerans, identified in silages (Cai et al., 1999), cheese (Baruzzi et al., 2000) and in pulque, a Mexican alcoholic beverage (Escalante et al., 2004); L. hilgardii, in pulque (Escalante et al., 2004), cheese (Baruzzi et al., 2000), and wine (Rodas et al., 2005); Sci. Agric.”
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Mendoza, C. M., Cruz, E. I. R., & Jahuey, M. V. (2023) · Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo · doi:10.22231/asyd.v19i4.1412 · Cited by 5
Lappe-Oliveras, P., Fernández, R. A., Valadez-Blanco, R., Martínez-Monterrosa, Á., Linares, C. I. O., Moreno-Terrazas, R., Huerta‐Beristain, G., Astudillo-Melgar, F., Montesinos, M. S. F., Gilés-Gómez, M., et al. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13322-0.00005-8 · Cited by 5
Hackman, D. A., Giese, N., Markowitz, J. S., McLean, A., Ottariano, S. G., Tonelli, C., Weissner, W., Welch, S., & Ulbricht, C. E. (2006) · Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/j157v06n02_09 · Cited by 5
Oviedo-León, J. F., Higuera, A. R., Yáñez‐Fernández, J., Hernández‐Sánchez, H., & Castro-Rodríguez, D. C. (2025) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation11080463 · Cited by 4
Calderón-García, C., Guadarrama-Mendoza, P. C., Ponce‐Alquicira, E., Escalante, A., Ruiz-Ramírez, Y., & Valadez-Blanco, R. (2024) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation10070342 · Cited by 4
“Fermentable sugars (g/L) 1.9 ± 0.02 0.5–1.2 [ 23] 4.8 [28] 1 The mean ± standard deviation ( n = 3) are presented.”
InfluentialBlas-Yáñez, S., & Thomé‐Ortiz, H. (2021) · Ciência Rural · doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20200441 · Cited by 4
Gilés-Gómez, M., Huerta, X. M., Pastelin‐Palacios, R., López-Macías, C. I. R., Montesinos, M. S. F., Astudillo-Melgar, F., & Escalante, A. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12081652 · Cited by 3
“Further studies have led to the detection of a great diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in aguamiel and pulque [5,6].”
Pulque: Beverage Transcending Historical Boundaries
Rodríguez-Vera, D., Pérez, R. R., Arciniega-Martínez, I. M., Soriano-Ursua, M. A., Reséndiz‐Albor, A. A., Magdaleno-Durán, F., García‐Machorro, J., & Morales‐González, J. A. (2025) · Histories · doi:10.3390/histories5030041 · Cited by 3
“We concur with Escalante et al. (Escalante et al. 2004) that pulque is produced in an artisanal manner using traditional techniques, avoiding the addition of chemicals, additives, or other organic components.”
InfluentialBera, K., Bhattacharya, D., & Mukhopadhyay, M. (2026) · Food Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10068-026-02141-9 · Cited by 3
“There has been evidence of a high level of LAB in pulque and aguamiel samples from various geographic locations, mostly made up of Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus species (Escalante et al., 2004).”
Exploring Volatile Profiles in Cactus-Based Fermented Beverages: Effects of Fermentation Method
Ojeda-Linares, C. I., Casas, A., Severiano‐Pérez, P., Sandoval-Velasco, M., García-Rodríguez, Y. M., & Espinosa-García, F. J. (2025) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation11050275 · Cited by 3
“This compound was significantly more abundant in wild fermentation samples ( p 0.05), consistent with findings from spontaneous pulque fermentations where more diverse yeast communities resulted in richer aromatic profiles but also lower alcohol content [52,53].”
InfluentialAguamiel y pulque: más que bebidas tradicionales
Morales, J. M. V., Vargas-Hernández, M., Dector, A., & Amaya-Cruz, D. M. (2024) · Perspectivas de la Ciencia y la Tecnología · doi:10.61820/pct.v7i12.1117 · Cited by 3
“Para determinar si se trata de un pulque fresco o maduro, es decir, precisar el grado de fer-mentación, se adopta como criterio el desarrollo de la viscosidad gracias a la síntesis de exopolisacáridos ( eps ) [ 7 ].”
BackgroundN’tcha, C., Sina, H., Bourobou, D. N., Hoteyi, S. M. I., Boya, B., Agnimonhan, R., Mavoungou, J. F., Adjanohoun, A., Babalola, O. O., & Baba‐Moussa, L. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11081939 · Cited by 2
“These strains have also been isolated in other traditional beers prepared from raw materials, such as rice for Chicha, a Brazilian fermented drink [36], and cactus juice for pulque, a Mexican alcoholic beverage [37].”
Bioactivity, benefits, and safety of traditional and ethnic foods
Bovell‐Benjamin, A. C. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816011-4.00030-6 · Cited by 1
Santander-Cortés, A. I., & Castro‐Rosas, J. (2024) · PÄDI Boletín Científico de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías del ICBI · doi:10.29057/icbi.v11i22.11072 · Cited by 1
Microorganismos asociados al aguamiel en el agave pulquero en Hidalgo, México
Silva-López, N. L., Martínez-Hernández, S., & Figueredo-Urbina, C. J. (2025) · PÄDI Boletín Científico de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías del ICBI · doi:10.29057/icbi.v12i24.12206 · Cited by 1
Hernández-Arroyo, M. M., Plascencia-Espinosa, M. Á., Hidalgo-Lara, M. E., Tinajero‐Trejo, M., Méndez-Merino, E., & Trejo-Estrada, S. R. (2018) · American journal of biochemistry & biotechnology/American journal of biochemistry and biotechnology · doi:10.3844/ajbbsp.2018.272.284 · Cited by 1
“The main sugars identified in aguamiel are glucose, sucrose, fructose and several pentoses (Escalante et al., 2004; Hernández-Salas et al., 2009; Gómez-Aldapa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundProbiotics as a Food Supplement: What are they and how do they Work?
(2023) · Journal of Nutrition Food Science and Technology · doi:10.47485/2834-7854.1032 · Cited by 1
Cervantes‐Contreras, M., & Pedroza-Rodríguez, A. M. (2008) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1780
(2012) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781849731614-00323
Managing Yeast Communities: Traditional Knowledge in the Preservation of Fermented Beverages
Ojeda-Linares, C. I., Lappe-Oliveras, P., & Espindola, M. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-64203-6_94-1
Gómez‐Pliego, R., Espinosa‐Raya, J., Temis-Cortina, J. A., & Fernández-Bernal, J. A. (2025) · Food science and nutrition · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1013536
Telles, N. L. D. S., Peiter, F. S., Chaves, T. C., & de Amorim, E. L. C. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6661388
Méndez-Marcial, G., Carrillo-Salazar, J. A., Miranda-Carrazco, A., & Hernández‐Rodríguez, M. (2026) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation12090419
Metadata
- Authors
- Escalante, A., Elena RodrÃguez, M., MartÃnez, A., López-MunguÃa, A., BolÃvar, F., & Gosset, G.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- Corresponding author
- Gosset, Guillermo
- Venue
- FEMS Microbiology Letters
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 235
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 273-279
- ISSN
- 0378-1097 (ISSN-L)
- 1574-6968
- OpenAlex
- W4242339137
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- FEMS Microbiology Letters (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Keywords
- pulque, fermented beverages, bacterial diversity, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus kefir, Lactobacillus acetotolerans, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Gluconobacter oxydans, Hafnia alvei, Flavobacterium johnsoniae, Microbacterium arborescens, novel bacterial species
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