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THE IMMUNOLOGIC THEORY OF AGING
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“The age-related involvement of immune system leads to a progressive reduction in the ability to trigger effective antibody and cellular responses against infections and vaccinations.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
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Items 101–140 of 140
Centenarian Offspring as a Model of Successful Ageing
Aiello, A., Ligotti, M. E., & Cossarizza, A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20762-5_3 · Cited by 7
Age-related disease: Immune system
de Punder, K., & Karabatsiakis, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15500-0.00004-9 · Cited by 3
Janković, B. D., Korolija, P., Isaković, K., Popesković, L., PEŠIĆ, M. Č., Horvat, J., JEREMIĆ, D., & Vajs, V. V. (1988) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb35283.x · Cited by 3
Baseline immunotypes and immune entropy are indicators of multiple vaccine responsivenessPreprint
Çevirgel, A., van der Heiden, M., Shetty, S. A., Viljanen, M., Vos, M. W., Bijvank, E., van Sleen, Y., Imhof, C., Rolwes, J. A. J., Samson, L. D., et al. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.05.29.24308098 · Cited by 3
Vi, D. (2017) · Advances in Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Open Access · doi:10.15406/atroa.2017.02.00036 · Cited by 2
Biological Clocks: Why We Need Them, Why We Cannot Trust Them, How They Might Be Improved
Mitteldorf, J. (2024) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297924020135 · Cited by 3
“The immune system appears to have its own aging schedule [76]; and perhaps oxidative status of the dispersed mitochondria constitutes a sixth clock [77, 78].”
The Measurement of Biological Age1,4
Ludwig, F. C., & Smoke, M. E. (1982) · Gerodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.1982.tb00429.x · Cited by 2
How does the body know how old it is?
Mitteldorf, J. (2023) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112182 · Cited by 2
T Cell Receptor V-Segment Frequencies in Peripheral CD8+T Cells in Aging
Esparza, B., Rodriguez, A., Puente, M., et al. (1998) · Immunological Investigations · doi:10.3109/08820139809070903 · Cited by 2
Age Dependent Decline in Proliferation of Lymphocytes
Stoltzner, G., & Makinodan, T. (1975) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9032-3_2 · Cited by 2
Weindruch, R. H. (1995) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp110103 · Cited by 2
Fuchs, M. (2021) · J.B. Metzler eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-476-05352-7_1 · Cited by 1
Evolutionary and biological theories of senescence
Crews, D. E. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542350.003 · Cited by 1
General Practice in the Post-Morgagni Era
Thompson, M. K. (1992) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689208500803 · Cited by 1
Albright, J. F., & Albright, J. W. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-402-3_1 · Cited by 1
Single-cell-based evidence for GLS1 inhibitor as a bona fide senolytic agent in vivoPreprint
Okamura, Y. T., Wang, T.-W., Kawakami, S., Morimura, T., Johmura, Y., & Nakanishi, M. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.07.22.666220 · Cited by 1
Crews, D. E. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542350.001
Human variation: chronic diseases, risk factors, and senescence
Crews, D. E. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542350.005
(2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542350.008
Der Alterungsprozess der Zelle und seine Genetik
Vömel, T. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56818-3_9
ACCELERATION OF AGE‐RELATED CHANGES IN THE IMMUNITY AND ENDOCRINE ORGANS BY ADULT THYMECTOMY
Hayashi, Y., & Hirokawa, K. (1979) · Acta Pathologica Japonica · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1979.tb00957.x
Zaichenko, A. P., & Chayalo, P. P. (1983) · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00834189
The Immune System of the Older Horse
Adams, A. A., & Horohov, D. W. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119086512.ch03 · Cited by 1
Crews, D. E. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542350.002
Human variation: growth, development, life history, and senescence
Crews, D. E. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542350.004
Steinmann, B. (1971) · Sozial- und Präventivmedizin · doi:10.1007/bf02030411
Crews, D. E. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542350.007
Human life span and life extension
Crews, D. E. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542350.006
Immunosenescence and Ageing in HIV
Tsoukas, C. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_132
T Cell Responses in Horses: Immunosenescence
Adams, A. A., & Horohov, D. W. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_83
Immune Modulation and Its Role in Antiaging
Sitar, M. E., Alaşehir, E. A., & İpek, B. Ö. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1699-9_8
Reflections from Peter's First Graduate Student
Effros, R. B. (2020) · Viral Immunology · doi:10.1089/vim.2019.0079
“I joined a group at UCLA, headed by Roy Walford, who, in 1965, had proposed ‘‘The immunological theory of aging,’’ an article that has proven to be quite prescient (32).”
BackgroundSelf-reported olfactory function according to the severity of COVID-19
Saatçi, Ö., Altundağ, A., Şanlı, D. E. T., Şanlı, A. N., Adıyeke, E., IŞIK, A., Düz, Ö. A., Yiyit, N., & Yuluğ, B. (2021) · Turkish Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.46310/tjim.817623
“Moreover, as the age progresses, the “immunosenescence”, including decreased immune responses, plays a role in the innate and acquired immune system, possibly causing increased infections and more severe consequences of infections.(22,23)”
BackgroundTurner, J. E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_101906
Bunnell, D., Buhl, M., McGee, J., Milas, G., & Chtarbanova, S. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6816306/v1
Weindruch, R. H. (1994) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.1994.tb01675.x
Gazarov, E. A., Mccracken, B., Krumm, Z. A., Zequeira, S., Setlow, B., & Bizon, J. L. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.06.703827
Gazarov, E. A., Mccracken, B., Krumm, Z. A., Zequeira, S., Setlow, B., & Bizon, J. L. (2026) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2026.05.008
Fuchs, M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-476-06005-1_1-1
Metadata
- Authors
- Walford, R. L.
- Corresponding author
- Walford, Roy L.
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1969-09
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 171-171
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- OpenAlex
- W2108894325
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- aging, immune system, immunosenescence, senescence
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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