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The F-PEC Scale of Family Influence: A Proposal for Solving the Family Business Definition Problem1
Abstract
This article proposes an alternative method for assessing the extent of family influence on any enterprise, enabling the measurement of the impact of family on outcomes such as success, failure, strategy, and operations. This proposed method, utilizing a standardized and valid instrument— the F-PEC—enables the assessment of family influence on a continuous scale rather than restrict its use as a categorical (e.g., yesqno) variable. The F-PEC comprises three subscales: power, experience, and culture. This article discusses these scales in detail.
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Citations
Cited by
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Smith, D., Reams, R., & Hair, J. F. (2014) · Journal of Family Business Strategy · doi:10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.01.002 · Cited by 2,212
Executing and interpreting applications of PLS-SEM: updates for family business researchers
Hair, J. F., Astrachan, C. B., Moisescu, O. I., Radomir, L., Sarstedt, M., Vaithilingam, S., & Ringle, C. M. (2021) · Journal of Family Business Strategy · doi:10.1016/j.jfbs.2020.100392 · Cited by 860
A comparative study of cb-sem and pls-sem for theory development in family firm research
Astrachan, C. B., Patel, V. K., & Wanzenried, G. (2014) · Journal of Family Business Strategy · doi:10.1016/j.jfbs.2013.12.002 · Cited by 766
Family entrepreneurship as a field of research: Exploring its contours and contents
Randerson, K., Bettinelli, C., Fayolle, A., & Anderson, A. (2015) · Journal of Family Business Strategy · doi:10.1016/j.jfbs.2015.08.002 · Cited by 195
Performance and Behavior of Family Firms
Memili, E. (2015) · International Journal of Financial Studies · doi:10.3390/ijfs3030423 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Astrachan, J. H., Klein, S. B., & Smyrnios, K. X.
- Venue
- Family Business Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-58
- ISSN
- 0894-4865 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-6248
- OpenAlex
- W2159656524
- Cited by
- 1,133
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 28.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The F-PEC Scale of Family Influence: A Proposal for Solving the Family Business Definition Problem1. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00045.x
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- Astrachan, J. H., Klein, S. B., & Smyrnios, K. X. (2002). The F-PEC Scale of Family Influence: A Proposal for Solving the Family Business Definition Problem1. Family Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00045.x
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
