School-based health centers and academic performance: research, challenges and recommendations
Abstract
ABSTRACT: School‐based health centers (SBHCs) provide physical and mental health services on school campuses to improve student health status, and thereby potentially facilitate student academic success. With a growing emphasis on school accountability and the simultaneous dwindling of resources at the federal, state, and local levels, SBHCs face increasing pressures from school administrators and funders to document their impact on student academic achievement. This article reviews the methods, findings, and limitations of studies that have examined the relationship between SBHCs and academic performance. It also describes methodological challenges of conducting and interpreting such research, and discusses factors and intermediate variables that influence student academic performance. Recommendations are offered for SBHC researchers, evaluators, and service providers in response to the pressure they are facing to document the effect of SBHC services on academic outcomes. (J Sch Health. 2004;74(9):347–352)
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Health problems and risk-taking behavior are associated with low scholastic performance.
“Health problems (e.g., vision and oral health problems, asthma, teen pregnancy, malnutrition, obesity, chronic stress, and inattention and hyperactivity disorders) and risk-taking behavior (e.g., aggression and violence, unsafe sexual activity, unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, and substance use) are associated with low scholastic performance.12–22”
From School-Based Health Centers to Advance Health Equity (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
Previous reviews have found limited evidence of SBHC effectiveness in improving healthcare utilization and academic outcomes.
“Previous reviews have found limited evidence of SBHC effectiveness in improving healthcare utilization and academic outcomes.19,37–41”
From School-Based Health Centers to Advance Health Equity (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
Cites
Consequences and Correlates of Adolescent Depression
Glied, S., & Pine, D. S. (2002) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.156.10.1009 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
School-Based Health Centers to Advance Health Equity
Knopf, J. A., Finnie, R. K. C., Peng, Y., Hahn, R. A., Truman, B. I., Vernon-Smiley, M., Johnson, V. C., Johnson, R. L., Fielding, J. E., Muntaner, C., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.009 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
- Authors
- Geierstanger, S. P., Amaral, G., Mansour, M., & Walters, S. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Venue
- Journal of School Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 347-352
- ISSN
- 0022-4391 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-1561
- OpenAlex
- W2138979718
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of School Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Child and Adolescent Health
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Youth Development and Social Support
- Keywords
- school-based health centers, academic performance, student health services, school accountability, program evaluation, research limitations, intermediate variables
- MeSH terms
- Educational Status, Humans, School Health Services, Students, Task Performance and Analysis, United States, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Sick Leave
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
