Operating Experiences of Full‐Scale Biological and Ion‐Exchange Denitrification Plants in France
Abstract
I n F rance, nitrate removal by biological means was authorized in 1981 and by ion exchange in 1985. To date, four installations use the biological process and six plants incorporate ion‐exchange techniques. Details of the plant are explained. The first conclusions can now be drawn from the results of the startup period as well as from operation. The existing facilities produce water in compliance with laid‐down regulations, and in a reliable manner throughout the year. The average capital costs of all the French facilities are given, together with typical operational costs.
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Above ground systems that inject ethanol into aquifers have achieved NO3-removal rates of 95% and 72%.
“Similarly, above ground systems that inject ethanol into aquifers have achieved NO 3 -removal rates of 95% (Roennefahrt, 1986) and 72% (Richard, 1989).”
From Long-term nitrate removal in a denitrification wall (2011) · cites this paper as Richard, 1989
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Long-term nitrate removal in a denitrification wall
Long, L. M., Schipper, L. A., & Bruesewitz, D. A. (2011) · Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.02.005 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
- Authors
- RICHARD, Y. R.
- Corresponding author
- RICHARD, Y. R.
- Venue
- Water and Environment Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1989-04
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 154-167
- ISSN
- 0951-7359 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-6585
- 1747-6593
- OpenAlex
- W2094290572
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Water and Environment Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Keywords
- biological denitrification, nitrate removal, drinking water treatment, full-scale treatment plant, plant operation, startups, capital costs, operating costs, water quality regulation
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