The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Stress Hormones, Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines, and Autoimmunity
Abstract
A bstract : Recent evidence indicates that glucocorticoids and catecholamines, the major stress hormones, inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon (IFN)‐γ, whereas they stimulate the production of antiinflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐10, IL‐4, and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β. Thus, systemically, an excessive immune response, through activation of the stress system, stimulates an important negative feedback mechanism, which protects the organism from an “overshoot” of proinflammatory cytokines and other products of activated macrophages with tissue‐damaging potential. Conversely, in certain local responses and under certain conditions, stress hormones actually may boost regional immune responses, through induction of TNF‐α, IL‐1, and IL‐8, and by inhibiting TGF‐β production. Therefore, conditions that are associated with significant changes in stress system activity, such as acute or chronic stress, cessation of chronic stress, severe exercise, and pregnancy and the postpartum period, through modulation of the systemic or local pro/antiinflammatory cytokine balance, may suppress or potentiate autoimmune diseases activity and/or progression.
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“Noradrenaline is a part of the human stress response and has been suggested to potentiate cytokine production.45”
From Association of depressive disorders, depression characteristics and antidepressant medication with inflammation (2012) · cites this paper as [45]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationThe Instructive Role of Innate Immunity in the Acquired Immune Response
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Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health
Glaser, R., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1571 · Cited by 2,190
Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut-brain communication
Mayer, E. A. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3071 · Cited by 1,726
Th1/Th2 balance: the hypothesis, its limitations, and implications for health and disease.
Kidd, P. M. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 1,102
How stress influences the immune response
Padgett, D. A., & Glaser, R. (2003) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00173-x · Cited by 1,059
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Metadata
- Authors
- ELENKOV, I. J., & CHROUSOS, G. P.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- ELENKOV, ILIA J.
- ORCID
- CHROUSOS, GEORGE P.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 966
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 290-303
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W1987912134
- Cited by
- 983
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 4.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Keywords
- stress hormones, glucocorticoids, catecholamines, inflammatory cytokines, autoimmunity, autoimmune disease, IL-12, TNF-α, interferon-gamma, IL-10, TGF-beta, negative feedback regulation, chronic stress, physical activity, pregnancy, postpartum period
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Catecholamines, Feedback, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Macrophage Activation, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Puerperal Disorders, Rats, Inbred Lew, Stress, Physiological, Sympathetic Nervous System, Neuroimmunomodulation, Autoimmunity, Cytokines, Antigen Presentation, Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Models, Immunological, Inflammation Mediators, Rats
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