CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 117Influenza Virus Research StudiesRespiratory viral infections researchPneumonia and Respiratory Infections

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza

Open access
Blyth, Christopher C., Webb, Steve A. R., Kok, Jen, Dwyer, Dominic E., van Hal, Sebastiaan J., Foo, Hong, Ginn, Andrew N., Kesson, Alison M., Seppelt, Ian, Iredell, Jonathan R., on behalf of the ANZIC Influenza Investigators and COSI Microbiological Investigators·2013·Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
DOI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00360.xPMC PMC5006004
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Please cite this paper as: Blyth et al. (2013) The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(2) 168–176. Background Many questions remain concerning the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in patients with pandemic influenza admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Objectives To examine the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in Australian patients with severe influenza. Patients/Methods A cohort study conducted in 14 ICUs was performed. Patients with proven influenza A during the 2009 influenza season were eligible for inclusion. Demographics, risk factors, clinical data, microbiological data, complications and outcomes were collected. Polymerase chain reaction for additional bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens was performed on stored respiratory samples. Results Co‐infection was identified in 23·3–26·9% of patients with severe influenza A infection: viral co‐infection, 3·2–3·4% and bacterial co‐infection, 20·5–24·7%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent bacterial co‐infection followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Patients with co‐infection were younger [mean difference in age = 8·46 years (95% CI: 0·18–16·74 years)], less likely to have significant co‐morbidities (32·0% versus 66·2%, P = 0·004) and less frequently obese [mean difference in body mass index = 6·86 (95% CI: 1·77–11·96)] compared to those without co‐infection. Conclusions Bacterial or viral co‐infection complicated one in four patients admitted to ICU with severe influenza A infection. Despite the co‐infected patients being younger and with fewer co‐morbidities, no significant difference in outcomes was observed. It is likely that co‐infection contributed to a need for ICU admission in those without other risk factors for severe influenza disease. Empiric antibiotics with staphylococcal activity should be strongly considered in all patients with severe influenza A infection.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00360.x

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 34 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. 2007, Pandemic flu: clinical management of patients with an influenza‐like illness during an influenza pandemic. Provisional guidelines from the British Infection Society, British Thoracic Society, and Health Protection Agency in collaboration with the Department of Health, Thorax, 62, 1
  2. Bradley JS, 2009, Influenza H1N1: Frontline Questions and Expert Opinion Answers

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Blyth, C. C., Webb, S. A. R., Kok, J., Dwyer, D. E., van Hal, S. J., Foo, H., Ginn, A. N., Kesson, A. M., Seppelt, I., Iredell, J. R., & on behalf of the ANZIC Influenza Investigators and COSI Microbiological Investigators
Affiliations
  • The University of Western Australia (AU)
  • The University of Sydney (AU)
  • Wollongong Hospital (AU)
Corresponding author
Blyth, Christopher C.
ORCID
Venue
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-04-06
Volume
7
Issue
2
Pages
168-176
ISSN
  • 1750-2640 (ISSN-L)
  • 1750-2659
DOI
10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00360.x
PMC
PMC5006004
OpenAlex
W1954785451
Cited by
117
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
FWCI
6.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Keywords
influenza A virus, severe influenza, bacterial co-infection, viral coinfection, 2009 H1N1 pandemic, intensive care unit, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, risk factors, comorbidities, obesity, empirical antibiotic therapy, respiratory pathogens
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacterial Infections, Child, Child, Preschool, Critical Care, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Influenza, Human, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Coinfection

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review