Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 3,181

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

An Introduction to Latent Class Growth Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling

Jung, Tony, Wickrama, K. A. S.·2008·Social and Personality Psychology Compass

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a growing interest among researchers in the use of latent class and growth mixture modeling techniques for applications in the social and psychological sciences, in part due to advances in and availability of computer software designed for this purpose (e.g., Mplus and SAS Proc Traj). Latent growth modeling approaches, such as latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and growth mixture modeling (GMM), have been increasingly recognized for their usefulness for identifying homogeneous subpopulations within the larger heterogeneous population and for the identification of meaningful groups or classes of individuals. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of LCGA and GMM, compare the different techniques of latent growth modeling, discuss current debates and issues, and provide readers with a practical guide for conducting LCGA and GMM using the Mplus software.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Cited by

See all 3,181

Metadata

Authors
Jung, T., & Wickrama, K. A. S.
Venue
Social and Personality Psychology Compass
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2007-12-06
Volume
2
Issue
1
Pages
302-317
ISSN
1751-9004 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2118079952
Cited by
3,181
References
3
FWCI
25.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An Introduction to Latent Class Growth Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x
The paper
Jung, T., & Wickrama, K. A. S. (2008). An Introduction to Latent Class Growth Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.