Metabolic Syndrome and Bipolar Disorder: What Should Psychiatrists Know?
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SUMMARY: This paper reviews the association between bipolar disorder (BD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), focusing on the etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological aspects of this association and on the recommendations for preventing and managing MetS in patients with BD. We conducted a nonsystematic literature review by means of a MEDLINE search. The exact causal relationship between MetS and BD is still uncertain. The side effects of psychotropic medications may be a major contributor to the increased rates of MetS in patients with BD. Other factors such as unhealthy lifestyles, common neuroendocrine and immuno‐inflammatory abnormalities, and genetic vulnerability may also play a role in explaining the high rates of MetS in BD. Strategies to prevent and treat the MetS and its cardiovascular consequences in patients with BD include accurate screening and monitoring of the patient and appropriate psychoeducation on weight control, healthy nutrition, and increased physical activity. When deciding on pharmacological therapy for the treatment of the components of the MetS, drug interactions and the effects of the medications on mood must be taken into account.
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Metabolic syndrome is present in 20-65% of patients with bipolar disorder.
“Metabolic syndrome in particular is a highly prevalent comorbidity, present in 20‐65% of patients with BD.777”
From Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments ( <scp>CANMAT</scp> ) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders ( <scp>ISBD</scp> ) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder (2018) · cites this paper as [777]
The ‘Prevalence of MetS in Patients with BD’ section (p. 3) says metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder. Its table (p. 3) reports rates varying by study and diagnostic criteria, including 16.7% and 54%, but does not support the stated 20–65% range. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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References 100 · Cited by 64
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [2]2. Bauer MS, Kirk G, Gavin C, Williford W. Correlates of functional and economic outcome in bipolar disorder: A prospective study. J Affect Disord 2001; 65 :231-241.
- Authors
- de Almeida, K. M., Moreira, C. L. R. L., & Lafer, B.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- ORCID
- Lafer, Beny
- Venue
- CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-02-26
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 160-166
- ISSN
- 1755-5930 (ISSN-L)
- 1755-5949
- PMC
- PMC6493593
- OpenAlex
- W1539586688
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- metabolic syndrome, bipolar disorder, psychotropic medication side effects, cardiovascular risk, neuroendocrine abnormalities, genetic susceptibility, lifestyle factors, screening and monitoring, psychoeducation, weight management, pharmacotherapy, drug interactions
- MeSH terms
- Bipolar Disorder, Humans, Life Style, Psychiatry, Psychotropic Drugs, Risk Factors, Antipsychotic Agents, Metabolic Syndrome
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