Cited by 385Meta-analysis and systematic reviewsHealth Policy Implementation ScienceEvaluation and Performance Assessment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

RAMESES publication standards: realist syntheses

Wong, Geoff, Greenhalgh, Trish, Westhorp, Gill, Buckingham, Jeanette, Pawson, Ray·2013·Journal of Advanced Nursing

DOI 10.1111/jan.12095

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background: There is growing interest in realist synthesis as an alternative systematic review method. This approach offers the potential to expand the knowledge base in policy‐relevant areas – for example, by explaining the success, failure or mixed fortunes of complex interventions. No previous publication standards exist for reporting realist syntheses. This standard was developed as part of the RAMESES (Realist And ME ta‐narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards) project. The project's aim is to produce preliminary publication standards for realist systematic reviews. Design: A mixed method study synthesising data between 2011–2012 from a literature review, online Delphi panel and feedback from training, workshops and email list. Methods: We: (a) collated and summarized existing literature on the principles of good practice in realist syntheses; (b) considered the extent to which these principles had been followed by published syntheses, thereby identifying how rigour may be lost and how existing methods could be improved; (c) used a three‐round online Delphi method with an interdisciplinary panel of national and international experts in evidence synthesis, realist research, policy and/or publishing to produce and iteratively refine a draft set of methodological steps and publication standards; (d) provided real‐time support to ongoing realist syntheses and the open‐access RAMESES online discussion list to capture problems and questions as they arose; and (e) synthesized expert input, evidence syntheses and real‐time problem analysis into a definitive set of standards. Results: We identified 35 published realist syntheses, provided real‐time support to 9 ongoing syntheses and captured questions raised in the RAMESES discussion list. Through analysis and discussion within the project team, we summarized the published literature and common questions and challenges into briefing materials for the Delphi panel, comprising 37 members. Within 3 rounds this panel had reached consensus on 19 key publication standards, with an overall response rate of 91%. Conclusions: This project used multiple sources to develop and draw together evidence and expertise in realist synthesis. For each item we have included an explanation for why it is important and guidance on how it might be reported. Realist synthesis is a relatively new method for evidence synthesis and as experience and methodological developments occur, we anticipate that these standards will evolve to reflect further methodological developments. We hope that these standards will act as a resource that will contribute to improving the reporting of realist syntheses.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/jan.12095

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164
The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700 · Cited by 17,648
CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., Montori, V., Gotzsche, P. C., Devereaux, P. J., Elbourne, D., Egger, M., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c869 · Cited by 8,883
AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care
Brouwers, M. C., Kho, M. E., Browman, G. P., Burgers, J. S., Cluzeau, F., Feder, G., Fervers, B., Graham, I. D., Grimshaw, J., Hanna, S. E., et al. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.090449 · Cited by 3,790
Realist review - a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions
Pawson, R., Greenhalgh, T., Harvey, G., & Walshe, K. (2005) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1258/1355819054308530 · Cited by 3,190
Self-citation
Methods for the synthesis of qualitative research: a critical review
Barnett-Page, E., & Thomas, J. (2009) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-9-59 · Cited by 2,386
Synthesising qualitative and quantitative evidence: A review of possible methods
Dixon-Woods, M., Agarwal, S., Jones, D., Young, B., & Sutton, A. (2005) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1177/135581960501000110 · Cited by 2,132
Evidence-based Policy
Pawson, R. (2006) · doi:10.4135/9781849209120 · Cited by 1,791
Self-citation
Uncovering the Benefits of Participatory Research: Implications of a Realist Review for Health Research and Practice
JAGOSH, J., MACAULAY, A. C., PLUYE, P., SALSBERG, J., BUSH, P. L., HENDERSON, J., SIRETT, E., WONG, G., CARGO, M., HERBERT, C. P., et al. (2012) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2012.00665.x · Cited by 1,268
Self-citation
An Introduction to Systematic Reviews
Gough, D., Oliver, S., & Thomas, J. (2017) · doi:10.4135/9781036234942 · Cited by 1,239

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 34 references

1 of the 34 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Wong G., 2011, Synthesising Qualitative Research: Choosing the Right Approach

Sorted by citations

Items 301–385 of 385

Rapid realist review of virtual wards for people with frailtyPreprint
Westby, M. J., Ijaz, S., Savović, J., McLeod, H., Dawson, S., Welsh, T. J., Roux, H. L., Walsh, N. E., & Bradley, N. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.04.18.23288729 · Cited by 5
What works for whom: A realist synthesis of neighbourhood interventions for families in the community
Rumping, S., Boendermaker, L., & Fukkink, R. G. (2022) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106365 · Cited by 4
Community engagement in maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR): Realist review protocol
Mbuo, M., Okello, I., Penn‐Kekana, L., Willcox, M. L., Portela, A. G., Palestra, F., & Mathai, M. (2023) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18844.1 · Cited by 4
Conceptualisation and implementation of integrated disease surveillance globally: a scoping review
Flodgren, G., Bezuidenhoudt, J. E., Alkanhal, N., Brinkwirth, S., & Lee, A. C. (2024) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.02.018 · Cited by 4
Interprofessional collaboration between hospital-based palliative care teams and general healthcare workers: A realist review protocol
Moons, L., Ombelet, F., Deschodt, M., Roo, M. L. D., Oldenburger, E., Bossuyt, I., & Pype, P. F. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0310709 · Cited by 4
Monitoring and data use in developing countries
Spicer, D. E., Ehren, M., & Bangpan, M. (2019) · Journal of Professional Capital and Community · doi:10.1108/jpcc-11-2018-0028 · Cited by 4
Approaches to reducing fragmented care in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other multimorbid conditions: A realist review
Sumpter, I., Phillips, S., & Magwood, G. (2022) · International Journal of Care Coordination · doi:10.1177/20534345221121068 · Cited by 4
Transitional care for formerly incarcerated persons with HIV: protocol for a realist review
Tsang, J., Mishra, S., Rowe, J., O'Campo, P. J., Ziegler, C. P., Kouyoumdjian, F. G., Matheson, F. I., Bayoumi, A. M., Zahid, S., & Antoniou, T. (2017) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-017-0428-4 · Cited by 4
A Meta-Narrative Literature Synthesis and Framework to Guide Future Evaluation of Legal Empowerment Interventions.
Footer, K. H. A., Windle, M. T., Ferguson, L., Hatcher, J. S., Lyons, C. E., Gorin, E. M., Stangl, A. L., Golub, S., Gruskin, S., & Baral, S. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 4
A realist evaluation to identify targets to improve the organization of compression therapy for deep venous thrombosis- and chronic venous disease patients
Schreurs, R. H. P., Joore, M. A., Bruijn‐Geraets, D. P. D., Cate, H. T., & ten Cate‐Hoek, A. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272566 · Cited by 4
Does Interprofessional Problem-Based Learning (iPBL) Develop Health Professional Students’ Interprofessional Competences? A Systematic Review of Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes
Phelan, D., Barrett, T., & Lennon, O. C. (2022) · Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning · doi:10.14434/ijpbl.v16i1.31647 · Cited by 7
How community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts human health, infrastructure and service longevity in low- and middle-income countries: a realist reviewPreprint
Nelson, S., Drabarek, D., Jenkins, A., Negin, J., & Abímbọ́lá, Ṣ. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-20891/v1 · Cited by 4
Reducing LGBTQ+ adolescent mental health inequalities: A realist review of school-based interventionsPreprint
McDermott, E., Kaley, A., Kaner, E., Limmer, M., McGovern, R., McNulty, F., Nelson, R., Geijer‐Simpson, E., & Spencer, L. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1280351/v1 · Cited by 4
Using realist methods for intervention development to fill a methodological gap: A case study showing the development of an oral hygiene intervention for people with intellectual developmental disabilities
Phadraig, C. M. G., Asimakopoulou, K. G., Faulks, D., Harten, M. V., Ledger, L., Spencer, A., Roux, S., Cleary, C., Daly, B., & Waldron, C. (2023) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/cdoe.12844 · Cited by 3
Whose security? Whose justice? Customary authorities in security and justice interventions in the Horn of Africa
Jackson, P., & Stratford-Tuke, V. (2023) · Conflict Security and Development · doi:10.1080/14678802.2023.2283553 · Cited by 4
Utilisation of tools to facilitate cross-border communication during international food safety events, 1995–2019: a realist synthesis protocol
Savelli, C. J., & Mateus, C. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030593 · Cited by 3
Substance misuse intervention research in remote Indigenous Australian communities since the NHMRC ‘Roadmap’
Graham, V. E., Campbell, S., West, C., & CLOUGH, A. R. (2017) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12691 · Cited by 3
How executives’ expectations and experiences shape population health management strategies
Steenkamer, B. M., Drewes, H. W.-T., Vooren, N. V., Baan, C. A., van Oers, H., & Putters, K. (2019) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4513-3 · Cited by 4
Approaches to evidence synthesis in international development
Oliver, S. R., Gough, D., & Copestake, J. (2017) · doi:10.51744/cpip3 · Cited by 3
A programme theory for a transition programme for novice nurses in emergency departments: A realist review
Mashao, K., Botma, Y., Filmalter, C. J., & Heyns, T. (2024) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106475 · Cited by 4
Improving childhood vaccination among minority populations in middle- and high-income countries: a realist review of health system interventions
Essa-Hadad, J., Gorelik, Y., Vervoort, J. P. M., Jansen, D. E. M. C., & Edelstein, M. L. (2026) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2025-225099 · Cited by 2
Systematic reviews: an important anniversary, new reporting standards, and potential greater impact
Noyes, J., & Hayter, M. (2013) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12115 · Cited by 2
EQUATOR Network Mapping Review for Dysphagia Research
Steele, C. M., Burdick, R. J., Dallal-York, J., Shapira‐Galitz, Y., & Abrams, S. W. (2024) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2023_ajslp-23-00306 · Cited by 2
Theory development of under what circumstances and what works for promoting disaster preparedness among long-term care facility (LTCF) stakeholders: protocol for realist review
Mitani, S., Ogawara, H., Miyagawa, S., Doorenbos, A. Z., & Fukahori, H. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087837 · Cited by 2
Developing a theory-driven framework for a web-based intervention to improve transition in childhood cancer survivors: a protocol of realist synthesis
Ma, J., Li, J., Huang, W., & Wang, H. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074162 · Cited by 2
Personal Electronic Records of Medications (PERMs) for Medication Reconciliation at Care Transitions: A Rapid Realist ReviewPreprint
Waldron, C., Cahill, J., Cromie, S., Delaney, T., Kennelly, S., Pevnick, J. M., & Grimes, T. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-289394/v1 · Cited by 1
The context, mechanisms and outcomes of intergenerational programmes involving people living with dementia in scotland: A realist, qualitative study
Emond, H., & Kelly, F. (2025) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/14713012251317767 · Cited by 1
Understanding peer support among healthcare assistants delivering hospice care at home: a protocol for a realist review
Patynowska, K. A., Hasson, F., McConnell, T., & McIlfatrick, S. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-095990 · Cited by 1
Promoting nurse participation in hospital antimicrobial stewardship: A realist review
Luo, Y., He, L., Li, W., Zhao, J., Deng, R., & Zong, Z. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105142 · Cited by 1
How Cancer Online Support Groups Work, for Whom, and in What Circumstances: Realist Review
Bender, J. L., Scruton, S., Wong, G., Squires, L. R., Babinski, S., Englesakis, M. F., Cyr, A. B., POTTS, H. W. W., Tricco, A. C., Wassersug, R. J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/77445 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Reconceptualizing integrated people-centred health services: Towards a mechanism-sensitive model using realist evaluation
Buthelezi, U. E., Bhana, A., Luvuno, Z., Kathree, T., Bucibo, S., Radebe, N., Moshabela, M., Petersen, I., & van Rensburg, A. J. (2026) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2026.119190 · Cited by 1
Interventions for enhancing resilience in breast cancer patients: a realist review
Chen, H., Ding, X., Gu, J., Chen, H., Wang, Q., Zhu, M., Wei, S., Luo, Z., & Li, Z. (2026) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-026-10662-6 · Cited by 1
Implementation of electronic signposting to interventions that prevent cancer: A realist review
Brown, T. J., Tham, N. A. Q., Naughton, F., Goodfellow, H., Hull, L., Jopling, H., Parretti, H. M., Ramsey, A. T., Wagner, A. P., & Khadjesari, Z. (2026) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0001770 · Cited by 1
Engaging older adults in health care decision-making: Key findings and recommendations from the CHOICE knowledge synthesis project
Elliott, J. B., McNeil, H., & Stolee, P. (2014) · International Journal of Integrated Care · doi:10.5334/ijic.1867 · Cited by 1
From Two Dimensions to Multidimensions: A Mechanistic Model to Support Deliberate CPD Development, Coordination, and Evaluation
Sachidanandan, G., & Sud, A. (2023) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1097/ceh.0000000000000527 · Cited by 1
Health Insurance Schemes and Their Influences on Healthcare Variation in Asian Countries: A Realist Review and Theory’s Testing in Thailand
Witthayapipopsakul, W., Viriyathorn, S., Rittimanomai, S., van der Meulen, J., Tangcharoensathien, V., Gurol‐Urganci, I., & MILLS, A. J. (2024) · International Journal of Health Policy and Management · doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2024.7930 · Cited by 1
Promoting physical activity among cancer survivors through general practice: a realist review
Sugiarto, M. P., Jabbour, V., Uebel, K., Agaliotis, M., Clifford, B. K., Chin, M. T. M., Harris, M., Caperchione, C. M., & Vuong, K. (2024) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmae053 · Cited by 1
Better Methods for Delivering Adaptive Regulation in Public Management: An Application to the NDISPreprint
Carey, G. E., & Mathews, M. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2635326 · Cited by 1
The Effects of Open-Plan Offices on Employee Collaboration: A Rapid Evidence ReviewPreprint
Cripps, K. G. H. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2728676 · Cited by 1
Considerations for multimodal prehabilitation in women with gynaecological cancers: A realist scoping reviewPreprint
Saggu, R. K., Barlow, P. L., Butler, J., Ghaem‐Maghami, S., Hughes, C., Lagergren, P., McGregor, A. H., Shaw, C., & Wells, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1438089/v1 · Cited by 1
A realist review of power dynamics in the implementation of intersectoral collaborative health programmes and policies in LMICs: ProtocolPreprint
Aivalli, P., Dada, S., Gilmore, B., Srinivas, P. N., & Brún, A. D. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3004052/v1 · Cited by 1
Study Protocol of “Exploring the Interplay between Family Responsibilities, Personal Vulnerabilities, and Motivational Theories in the Publishing Endeavours of Women Scholars: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis”Preprint
Costa, K., Brown, B., Tebogo, P., Parker, G. D., & Thusi, N. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0680.v1 · Cited by 1
The contribution of community-based programmes to health
Pardoel, Z. (2024) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · doi:10.33612/diss.925136990 · Cited by 1
Interventions that could mitigate the adverse effects of household overcrowding: A rapid realist review with stakeholder participation from urban contexts in EnglandPreprint
Halvorsrud, K., Eveleigh, E. R., O’Donoghue, M., Singh, P., McDonald, R.-M., Ucci, M., & Sheringham, J. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.09.10.24313301 · Cited by 1
To the readers of Heart & Lung
Tramm, R. (2014) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2014.08.001
Response to Randell et al. “Using realist reviews to understand how health IT works, for whom, and in what circumstances”
Otte-Trojel, T., Bont, A. A. D., Rundall, T. G., & van de Klundert, J. J. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocu008
"Meeting of Minds and Heart": Quality of Life Research and Community-Engaged Scholarship
Muhajarine, N., & Findlay, I. M. (2016) · Engaged Scholar Journal Community-Engaged Research Teaching and Learning · doi:10.15402/esj.v1i2.110
Identifying Effective Instructional Design Features of Simulation in Nursing Education: A Realist Review
Hirji, N. Z. (2015) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Identifying the facilitators, constraints and barriers of community indoor walking programmes: protocol for a realist synthesis
Singh, S., Yang, L., Butalia, S., Quan, H., & Turin, T. C. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034342
Better Methods for Delivering Adaptive Regulation in Public Management: An Application to the NDISPreprint
Carey, G. E., & Matthews, M. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2628553
Improving knowledge transfer: A realist evaluation of the implementation of knowledge transfer pathways by a health research funder
Middleton, L. (2017) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17060417 · Cited by 1
Exploring Assessment Policies and Practices for Students With a Migrant Background
Brown, M. (2019) · American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting (AERA) · doi:10.3102/1437062
Assessing the Health Impacts of the Commercial Determinants of Health
Allen, L. N. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197578742.003.0024
КАТАРАКТАСЫ БАР НАУҚАСТАРҒА ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ КӨМЕК КӨРСЕТУДІ ҰЙЫМДАСТЫРУДЫ ОҢТАЙЛАНДЫРУ
Inkarbekov, M., ГЛУШКОВА, Н. Е., Kulmaganbetov, M., Байырханова, А. О., & Bazarbekova, G. (2022) · Vestnik · doi:10.53065/y1206-9815-9432-c
Making and justifying evidence claims: evidence synthesis of impact evaluations and systematic reviews in international development
Bangpan, M., Draper, A., Minchenko, D., Stansfield, C., Dickson, K., Tripney, J., & Oliver, S. R. (2023) · doi:10.51744/cswp10
Improving knowledge transfer: A realist evaluation of the implementation of knowledge transfer pathways by a health research funder
Middleton, L. (2017) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17060417.v1
Drivers of unprofessional behaviour between staff in acute care hospitals: A realist reviewPreprint
Aunger, J. A., Maben, J., Abrams, R., Wright, J. M., Mannion, R., Pearson, M., Jones, A., & Westbrook, J. I. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3351739/v1
Evaluation of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Dziadkowiec, O. (2024) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2024.07.006
Case management in primary healthcare for people with complex needs to improve integrated care: a large-scale implementation study protocol
Hudon, C., Chouinard, M., Doucet, S. A., Piccinini‐Vallis, H., Fairman, K., Sampalli, T., Zed, J., Brodeur, M., Chênevert, D., Dépelteau, A., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083783
Post-intensive care unit syndrome: the silent legacy of intensive care unit survival. Narrative review and strategies for its approach in intermediate respiratory care units
Díaz, E. G., Hernando, M. B., Vergara, D. G., Marín, J. T., Castaño, M. A. J., Cueva, C. C., & Lopez-Ruz, S. (2025) · Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease · doi:10.4081/monaldi.2025.3594
Additional file 2 of Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) use in post-stroke patient care and clinical practice: a realist synthesis protocol
Smith, A., Hewitt, J., Quinn, T. J., & Robling, M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14509555
Additional file 1 of Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) use in post-stroke patient care and clinical practice: a realist synthesis protocol
Smith, A., Hewitt, J., Quinn, T. J., & Robling, M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14509552
Additional file 4 of How does nursing-sensitive indicator feedback with nursing or interprofessional teams work and shape nursing performance improvement systems? A rapid realist review
Rapin, J., Pellet, J., Mabire, C., Gendron, S., & Dubois, C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20626420
Additional file 1 of Core health-components, contextual factors and program elements of community-based interventions in Southeast Asia – a realist synthesis regarding hypertension and diabetes
Pardoel, Z., Reijneveld, S. A., Lensink, R., Widyaningsih, V., Probandari, A., Stein, C., Hoang, G. N., Koot, J. A. R., Fenenga, C., Postma, M., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16862743
Additional file 3 of The usage of data in NHS primary care commissioning: a realist review
Jager, A., Wong, G., Papoutsi, C., & Roberts, N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26601601
Self-citation
Additional file 5 of The usage of data in NHS primary care commissioning: a realist review
Jager, A., Wong, G., Papoutsi, C., & Roberts, N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26601607
Self-citation
Additional file 2 of Core health-components, contextual factors and program elements of community-based interventions in Southeast Asia – a realist synthesis regarding hypertension and diabetes
Pardoel, Z., Reijneveld, S. A., Lensink, R., Widyaningsih, V., Probandari, A., Stein, C., Hoang, G. N., Koot, J. A. R., Fenenga, C., Postma, M., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16862746
Additional file 1 of Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of prehabilitation for frail patients into routine health care: a realist review
Sontag, A. F., Kiselev, J., Schaller, S. J., Spies, C., & Rombey, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25216875
Additional file 2 of How does nursing-sensitive indicator feedback with nursing or interprofessional teams work and shape nursing performance improvement systems? A rapid realist review
Rapin, J., Pellet, J., Mabire, C., Gendron, S., & Dubois, C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20626414
Additional file 1 of The usage of data in NHS primary care commissioning: a realist review
Jager, A., Wong, G., Papoutsi, C., & Roberts, N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26601595
Self-citation
Additional file 4 of The usage of data in NHS primary care commissioning: a realist review
Jager, A., Wong, G., Papoutsi, C., & Roberts, N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26601604
Self-citation
Additional file 1 of How does nursing-sensitive indicator feedback with nursing or interprofessional teams work and shape nursing performance improvement systems? A rapid realist review
Rapin, J., Pellet, J., Mabire, C., Gendron, S., & Dubois, C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20626411
Additional file 3 of How does nursing-sensitive indicator feedback with nursing or interprofessional teams work and shape nursing performance improvement systems? A rapid realist review
Rapin, J., Pellet, J., Mabire, C., Gendron, S., & Dubois, C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20626417
Additional file 3 of Core health-components, contextual factors and program elements of community-based interventions in Southeast Asia – a realist synthesis regarding hypertension and diabetes
Pardoel, Z., Reijneveld, S. A., Lensink, R., Widyaningsih, V., Probandari, A., Stein, C., Hoang, G. N., Koot, J. A. R., Fenenga, C., Postma, M., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16862749
Additional file 5 of How does nursing-sensitive indicator feedback with nursing or interprofessional teams work and shape nursing performance improvement systems? A rapid realist review
Rapin, J., Pellet, J., Mabire, C., Gendron, S., & Dubois, C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20626423
Additional file 2 of The usage of data in NHS primary care commissioning: a realist review
Jager, A., Wong, G., Papoutsi, C., & Roberts, N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26601598
Self-citation
A protocol for a rapid realist policy review (RRPR) of the impact of social determinants on self-harm and suicidal thoughts and behaviours in England
Chen, A. H. G., Michail, M., Morales‐Muñoz, I., Wright, N., & Fenton, S. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-110787
Contexts and mechanisms related to efficacy of digital medication adherence interventions to support medication adherence among adults with chronic diseases: a realist review (Preprint)Preprint
Saha, S., Latham, Y., & Holland, C. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.89803
Community Engagement Mechanisms in Response to Drought-Related Health Emergencies: A Realist Review from Sub-Saharan AfricaPreprint
Abraham, G., Birhanu, Z., Mayhew, S., Berhanu, N., & Woldie, M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9693120/v1
Understanding workplace peer support among healthcare assistants providing palliative and end-of-life care at home: A realist review
Patynowska, K. A., Hasson, F., McConnell, T., & McIlfatrick, S. (2026) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/02692163261455213
Contextual Factors and Intentional Rounding in Acute Hospitals: Understanding What Works, for Whom, in What Settings: A Realist Synthesis
Hetherton, A., Sørensen, J. R., Horgan, F., & McCarthy, S. E. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.70458
Contexts and Mechanisms Related to the Efficacy of Digital Medication Adherence Interventions to Support Medication Adherence Among Adults With Chronic Diseases: Realist Review
Saha, S., Latham, Y., & Holland, C. (2026) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/89803
Realist review protocol on user involvement in complex interventions in health and social care research among populations experiencing exclusion
Gaber, S. N., Rapaport, P., Johnson, L., Lundström, J. E., Kneck, Å., Mattsson, E., & Siersbaek, R. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-114512
A realist review of the remediation of professionalism lapses in undergraduate medical students (RESTORE 3)
Raymond-Jones, R., Brennan, N., Bryce, M., Gale, T. C. E., & Price, T. (2026) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2026.2718311
Understanding the Contexts and Mechanisms That Lead to the Preparedness of Long‐Term Care Facility Stakeholders for Natural Disasters: A Realist Review
Mitani, S., Ogawara, H., Miyagawa, S., Doorenbos, A. Z., & Fukahori, H. (2026) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1155/hsc/6693951

Authors: Wong, G., Greenhalgh, T., Westhorp, G., Buckingham, J., & Pawson, R.
Affiliations: Queen Mary University of London (GB)
Centre for Primary Care and Public Health Queen Mary University of London UK
Community Matters Mount Torrens South Australia Australia
University of Alberta (CA)
University of Leeds (GB)
ORCID: Wong, Geoff
Westhorp, Gill
Pawson, Ray
Venue: Journal of Advanced Nursing
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2013-01-29
Volume: 69
Issue: 5
Pages: 1005-1022
ISSN: 0309-2402 (ISSN-L)
1365-2648
DOI: 10.1111/jan.12095
OpenAlex: W2005235635
Cited by: 385
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11
FWCI: 33.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Advanced Nursing (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0512-10031, 10/1008/07)
Health Services Research Programme
Health Services and Delivery Research Programme
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Social Sciences › Public Administration › Evaluation and Performance Assessment
Keywords: realist synthesis, publication standards, reporting guidelines, realist research, complex interventions, evidence synthesis, methodological quality, expert consensus, Delphi panel, metanarrative
MeSH terms: Delphi Technique, Publishing

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

RAMESES publication standards: realist syntheses

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks