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Cited by 38Adolescent and Pediatric HealthcarePsychiatric care and mental health servicesMental Health Treatment and Access

Annual research review: a systematic review of mental health services for emerging adults - moulding a precipice into a smooth passage

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Anderson, Joanna K., Newlove‐Delgado, Tamsin, Ford, Tamsin J.·2022·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
DOI 10.1111/jcpp.13561
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Abstract

Background: The transition between child and adult services should aim to support young people into the next stage of their life in a way that optimises their function. Yet financial, organisational and procedural barriers to continuity of care often hamper smooth transition between child and adult services. Aim and method: We reviewed studies of transition from child to adult mental health services, focusing on: (a) rates of referrals and referral acceptance; (b) barriers and facilitators of successful transition; (c) continuity of care during and post‐transition and (d) service users’ experience of transition. Studies were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases: PsycINFO, Medline, Embase and Child Development and Adolescent Studies. Findings: Forty‐seven papers describing 43 unique studies met inclusion criteria. Service provision is influenced by previous history and funding processes, and the presence or absence of strong primary care, specialist centres of excellence and coordination between specialist and primary care. Provision varies between and within countries, particularly whether services are restricted to ‘core’ mental health or broader needs. Unsupportive organisational culture, fragmentation of resources, skills and knowledge base undermine the collaborative working essential to optimise transition. Stigma and young people’s concerns about peers’ evaluation often prompt disengagement and discontinuation of care during transition, leading to worsening of symptoms and later, to service re‐entry. Qualitative studies reveal that young people and families find the transition process frustrating and difficult, mainly because of lack of advanced planning and inadequate preparation. Conclusions: Despite increasing research interest over the last decade, transition remains ‘poorly planned, executed and experienced’. Closer collaboration between child and adult services is needed to improve the quality of provision for this vulnerable group at this sensitive period of development.

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  • Adult services struggle with providing adequate care for autistic adults.

    “Adult services struggle with providing adequate care for autistic adults (Anderson et al., 2022; Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019; Crane et al., 2019; Nicolaidis et al., 2015)”

    From Mindfulness-based stress reduction for autistic adults: A feasibility study in an outpatient context. (2024) · cites this paper as Anderson et al., 2022

    The barriers and facilitators section (p. 25) reports limited understanding of ASD as a condition affecting adults, lack of expertise in adult mental health services, and rejected referrals. This supports difficulty providing care, but the review’s evidence concerns young people transitioning to adult services, not autistic adults across all ages. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The reason few patients make a successful transition is that the transition is to traditional older adult models of care that are not personalised to the clinical and developmental needs of the young person.

    “because this transition is to traditional older adult models of care that are not personalised to the clinical and developmental needs of the young person. 222,223”

    From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health (2024) · cites this paper as [222]

    The review describes many young people failing to transition or disengaging from adult services (Continuity of care and experience of transition, p. 27). It also identifies a lack of appropriate services for their needs as a barrier (Barriers and facilitators of successful transition, p. 16). It does not establish that transition to traditional older-adult care models is the reason few transition successfully; it identifies several barriers instead. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Even when care is accessed from child and adolescent mental health services, few patients make a successful transition to adult mental health services.

    “Studies have confirmed that even when care is accessed from child and adolescent mental health services, few patients make a successful transition to adult mental health services”

    From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health (2024) · cites this paper as [222]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Anderson, J. K., Newlove‐Delgado, T., & Ford, T. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
  • University of Exeter (GB)
Corresponding author
Anderson, Joanna K.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-12-23
Volume
63
Issue
4
Pages
447-462
ISSN
  • 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7610
DOI
10.1111/jcpp.13561
OpenAlex
W4200614675
Cited by
38
References
14
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6
FWCI
1.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
  • Apollo
Funders
National Institute for Health and Care Research (14/21/52, NIHR300056)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
transition to adult mental health services, emerging adults, continuity of care, referral acceptance, service user experiences, stigma, disengagement from care, primary care collaboration, organizational culture, advanced planning
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Family, Humans, Mental Health, Mental Health Services, Qualitative Research

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