A nurse‐led interdisciplinary approach to promote self‐management of type 2 diabetes: a process evaluation of post‐intervention experiences
Abstract
Rationale, aims and objectives: Self‐management of type 2 diabetes through diet, exercise and for many medications, are vital in achieving and maintaining glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. A number of interventions have been designed to improve self‐management, but the outcomes of these are rarely explored from a qualitative angle and even fewer through a process evaluation. Method: A process evaluation was conducted using a qualitative design with participants randomized to an intervention. Seventy‐three people living with type 2 diabetes and hyperglycaemia for a minimum of 1 year, randomized to one of two interventions (n = 34 to an education intervention and n = 39 to an education and acceptance and commitment therapy intervention) completed stage one of the process evaluation, immediately following the intervention through written feedback guided by open‐ended questions. A purposive sample of 27 participants completed semi‐structured interviews at 3 and 6 months post intervention. Interview data were transcribed and data analysed using a thematic analysis. Results: The majority of participants described an increase in knowledge around diabetes self‐management and an increased sense of personal responsibility. Participants also described changes in self‐management activities and reflected on the challenges in instigating and maintaining change to improve diabetes management. Conclusion: The complexities of implementing change in daily life to improve glycaemic control indicate the need for ongoing support post intervention, which may increase and maintain the effectiveness of the intervention.
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Risk of bias in the included studies was mainly due to the randomization process and inadequate strategies to deal with missing outcome data.
“which was mainly due to risk of bias in the randomization process and inadequate strategies to deal with the missing outcome data (Kaboudi et al., 2017;Whitehead et al., 2017).”
From Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. (2024) · cites this paper as Whitehead et al., 2017
The duration of interventions ranged from 4 weeks to 10 weeks, except one study used a 1-day workshop six and a half hours in length.
“The duration of interventions ranged from 4 weeks to 10 weeks, except in one study which used a 1-day workshop six and a half hours in length (Whitehead et al., 2017).”
From Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. (2024) · cites this paper as Whitehead et al., 2017
Three studies reported their intervention protocols or manuals.
“Three studies reported their intervention protocols or manuals (Gregg et al., 2007;Shayeghian et al., 2016;Whitehead et al., 2017).”
From Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. (2024) · cites this paper as Whitehead et al., 2017
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Whitehead, L. C., Crowe, M. T., Carter, J. D., Maskill, V. R., Carlyle, D., Bugge, C., & Frampton, C. M. A.
- Affiliations
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- University of Otago (NZ)
- University of Canterbury (NZ)
- University of Stirling (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Whitehead, Lisa C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-07-15
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 264-271
- ISSN
- 1356-1294 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2753
- OpenAlex
- W2510884106
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 4.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline (Glasgow Caledonian University) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- Strategy to Advance Research in Nursing and Allied Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, diabetes self-management, nurse-led intervention, multidisciplinary care, acceptance and commitment therapy, diabetes education, process evaluation, glycemic control, behavior change, patient knowledge, personal responsibility
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Behavior Therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Interprofessional Relations, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Nurses, Patient Care Team, Patient Education as Topic, Self Care
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