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Cited by 13Vitamin D Research StudiesAmphibian and Reptile BiologyAnimal Nutrition and Physiology

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Influence of feeding and UVB exposition on the absorption mechanisms of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract of veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus)

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Haxhiu, D., Hoby, S., Wenker, C., Boos, A., Kowalewski, M. P., Lewis, F., Liesegang, A.·2014·Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
DOI 10.1111/jpn.12206PMC PMC4280901
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Abstract

Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of feeding and UVB exposition on the occurrence and distribution patterns of vitamin D receptors (VDR) and calbindin D28k (Cb‐D28k) in the gastrointestinal tract of veiled chameleons. Thus, 56 veiled chameleon hatchlings were divided into six treatment groups: UV (with UVB exposure); No (no supplements, no UVB exposure); CaAUV (with calcium (Ca), vitamin A supplementation, UVB exposure); CaA (with Ca, vitamin A supplementation); CaADUV (with Ca, vitamin A, vitamin D supplementation, UVB exposure); and CaAD (with Ca, vitamin A, vitamin D supplementation). Animals were reared under the suspected conditions for 6 months on locust‐based diets. Tissue samples of stomach, duodenum, ileum and colon were taken, and semi‐quantitative immunohistochemical methods (IHC) were performed to detect Cb‐D28k and VDR. VDR immunoreactions were higher in the luminal epithelium of the duodenum than in that of the ileum. VDR immunoreactions in the luminal epithelium were higher at the base of the villi of the duodenum as compared to the tip. Cb‐D28k immunoreactions were mainly observed in the luminal epithelium of the duodenum. The two groups treated with all dietary supplements (CaADUV, CaAD) exhibited a higher Cb‐D28k immunoreaction as those with no supplements and UVB exposure only. No immunoreaction for both proteins could be detected in the stomach. This study suggests that the duodenum plays an important role in the active transcellular absorption of Ca in veiled chameleons as shown by the immunohistochemical detection of VDR and Cb‐D28k. Expression of Cb‐D28k, in particular, appears to be regulated by dietary supplementation of vitamin D and vitamin A. VDRs, however, tended to be upregulated when animals were not supplemented with Ca, vitamin D and vitamin A. This may be due to the decreased Ca concentrations which caused vitamin D activation in the skin without any supplementation, but UVB exposure.

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Figure 1 Comparison across treatment groups and organs on VDR expression in veiled chameleons (n = 56). Group UV: with UVB exposure; Group No: no supplements; CaAUV: with calcium (Ca), vitamin A and UVB exposure; CaA: with Ca and vitamin A; CaADUV: with Ca, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure; CaAD: with Ca, vitamin A and vitamin D. IRS – immunoreactive score; VDR – vitamin D receptors; n = 56 – number of treated veiled chameleons; CO – colon; IL – ileum; DD – duodenum.
Figure 1 Comparison across treatment groups and organs on VDR expression in veiled chameleons (n = 56). Group UV: with UVB exposure; Group No: no supplements; CaAUV: with calcium (Ca), vitamin A and UVB exposure; CaA: with Ca and vitamin A; CaADUV: with Ca, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure; CaAD: with Ca, vitamin A and vitamin D. IRS – immunoreactive score; VDR – vitamin D receptors; n = 56 – number of treated veiled chameleons; CO – colon; IL – ileum; DD – duodenum.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 2 VDR expression of intestinal segments in veiled chameleons (n = 56) with different feeding regime and UV exposure. Group UV: with UVB exposure; Group No: no supplements; CaAUV: with calcium (Ca), vitamin A and UVB exposure; CaA: with Ca and vitamin A; CaADUV: with Ca, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure; CaAD: with Ca, vitamin A and vitamin D. IRS – immunoreactive score; VDR – vitamin D receptors; n = 56 – number of treated veiled chameleons; a,b = means with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Figure 2 VDR expression of intestinal segments in veiled chameleons (n = 56) with different feeding regime and UV exposure. Group UV: with UVB exposure; Group No: no supplements; CaAUV: with calcium (Ca), vitamin A and UVB exposure; CaA: with Ca and vitamin A; CaADUV: with Ca, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure; CaAD: with Ca, vitamin A and vitamin D. IRS – immunoreactive score; VDR – vitamin D receptors; n = 56 – number of treated veiled chameleons; a,b = means with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 3 VDR expression between villi regions (base, middle, tip) in veiled chameleons (n = 56) with different feeding regime and UV exposure. IRS – immunoreactive score; VDR – vitamin D receptors; n = 56 – number of treated veiled chameleons; a,b = means with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Figure 3 VDR expression between villi regions (base, middle, tip) in veiled chameleons (n = 56) with different feeding regime and UV exposure. IRS – immunoreactive score; VDR – vitamin D receptors; n = 56 – number of treated veiled chameleons; a,b = means with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Influence of feeding and UV exposure on Cb-D28k expression in the duodenum. Group UV: with UVB exposure; Group No: no supplements; CaAUV: with calcium (Ca), vitamin A and UVB exposure; CaA: with Ca and vitamin A; CaADUV: with Ca, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure; CaAD: with Ca, vitamin A and vitamin D. Cb-D28k – calbindin-D28k; a,b = means with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).
Figure 4 Influence of feeding and UV exposure on Cb-D28k expression in the duodenum. Group UV: with UVB exposure; Group No: no supplements; CaAUV: with calcium (Ca), vitamin A and UVB exposure; CaA: with Ca and vitamin A; CaADUV: with Ca, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure; CaAD: with Ca, vitamin A and vitamin D. Cb-D28k – calbindin-D28k; a,b = means with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Influence of feeding and UV exposure on Cb-D28k expression in the colon. Group UV: with UVB exposure; Group No: no supplements; CaAUV: with calcium (Ca), vitamin A and UVB exposure; CaA: with Ca and vitamin A; CaADUV: with Ca, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure; CaAD: with Ca, vitamin A and vitamin D. Cb-D28k – calbindin-D28k. No statistically significance could be detected (p > 0.05).
Figure 5 Influence of feeding and UV exposure on Cb-D28k expression in the colon. Group UV: with UVB exposure; Group No: no supplements; CaAUV: with calcium (Ca), vitamin A and UVB exposure; CaA: with Ca and vitamin A; CaADUV: with Ca, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure; CaAD: with Ca, vitamin A and vitamin D. Cb-D28k – calbindin-D28k. No statistically significance could be detected (p > 0.05).CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 6 (a) Immunhistochemical reaction of VDR in the duodenum of a veiled chameleon with dietary supplementation of calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure (CaADUV); in luminal epithelium of the villi intestinales (VI) and tunica muscularis (TM), immunopositive cells (brown staining) can be seen. Both nucleus and cytoplasm of enterocytes react positively. Goblet cells react entirely negative (200×). *No intestinal glands. VDR – vitamin D receptors; VI – villi intestinales; TM – tunica muscularis; MP – melanin pigment in mesothelium; 200× – scale bar represents 200 μm. (b) Immunohistochemical reaction of VDR in the colon of a veiled chameleon supplemented with calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure (CaADUV). In areas denoted by SE and IG, immunopositive cells are seen (brown staining) (100×). VDR – vitamin D receptors; SE – surface epithelium; IG – intestinal glands; 100× – scale bar represents 100 μm.
Figure 6 (a) Immunhistochemical reaction of VDR in the duodenum of a veiled chameleon with dietary supplementation of calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure (CaADUV); in luminal epithelium of the villi intestinales (VI) and tunica muscularis (TM), immunopositive cells (brown staining) can be seen. Both nucleus and cytoplasm of enterocytes react positively. Goblet cells react entirely negative (200×). *No intestinal glands. VDR – vitamin D receptors; VI – villi intestinales; TM – tunica muscularis; MP – melanin pigment in mesothelium; 200× – scale bar represents 200 μm. (b) Immunohistochemical reaction of VDR in the colon of a veiled chameleon supplemented with calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure (CaADUV). In areas denoted by SE and IG, immunopositive cells are seen (brown staining) (100×). VDR – vitamin D receptors; SE – surface epithelium; IG – intestinal glands; 100× – scale bar represents 100 μm.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 7 (a) Immunohistochemical detection of Cb-D28k in the duodenum of a veiled chameleon supplemented with calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure (CaADUV); luminal epithelial cells of VI are immunopositive (brown staining) (200×). *Note: there are no intestinal glands (IG) in duodenum of veiled chameleon. Ca-D28k – calbindin D28k; VI – villi intestinales; MP – melanin pigment in mesothelium; 200× – scale bar represents 200 μm. (b) Immunhistochemical reaction of Cb-D28k in the colon of a veiled chameleon supplemented with calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure (CaADUV). In areas denoted by SE and IG, very weakly reacting immunopositive cells are seen (brown staining) (100×). Ca-D28k – calbindin D28k; SE – surface epithelium; IG – intestinal glands; 100× – scale bar represents 100 μm.
Figure 7 (a) Immunohistochemical detection of Cb-D28k in the duodenum of a veiled chameleon supplemented with calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure (CaADUV); luminal epithelial cells of VI are immunopositive (brown staining) (200×). *Note: there are no intestinal glands (IG) in duodenum of veiled chameleon. Ca-D28k – calbindin D28k; VI – villi intestinales; MP – melanin pigment in mesothelium; 200× – scale bar represents 200 μm. (b) Immunhistochemical reaction of Cb-D28k in the colon of a veiled chameleon supplemented with calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D and UVB exposure (CaADUV). In areas denoted by SE and IG, very weakly reacting immunopositive cells are seen (brown staining) (100×). Ca-D28k – calbindin D28k; SE – surface epithelium; IG – intestinal glands; 100× – scale bar represents 100 μm.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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References 39 · Cited by 13

Research works printed but not linked: 44

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Metadata

Authors
Haxhiu, D., Hoby, S., Wenker, C., Boos, A., Kowalewski, M. P., Lewis, F., & Liesegang, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Zurich (CH)
  • Zoo Basel Basel Switzerland
Corresponding author
Liesegang, A.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-05-22
Volume
98
Issue
6
Pages
1021-1030
ISSN
  • 0931-2439 (ISSN-L)
  • 1439-0396
DOI
10.1111/jpn.12206
PMC
PMC4280901
OpenAlex
W2066020080
Cited by
13
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
FWCI
1.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Amphibian and Reptile Biology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
Keywords
veiled chameleon, Chamaeleo calyptratus, calcium absorption, vitamin D receptor, calbindin-D28k, UVB exposure, dietary supplementation, vitamin A, vitamin D, duodenum, gastrointestinal tract, reptile nutrition, transcellular calcium transport
MeSH terms
Animals, Animal Feed, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Calcium, Diet, Intestinal Mucosa, Lizards, Ultraviolet Rays, Vitamin A, Receptors, Calcitriol, Gastrointestinal Tract, Calbindin 1

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Haxhiu, D., Hoby, S., Wenker, C., Boos, A., Kowalewski, M. P., Lewis, F., & Liesegang, A. (2014). Influence of feeding and UVB exposition on the absorption mechanisms of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract of veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12206