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Cited by 25Wildlife Ecology and ConservationGenetic diversity and population structureAmphibian and Reptile Biology

Environmental resistance and habitat quality influence dispersal of the saltwater crocodile

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Fukuda, Yusuke, Moritz, Craig, Jang, Namchul, Webb, Grahame, Campbell, Hamish, Christian, Keith, Lindner, Garry, Banks, Sam·2022·Molecular Ecology
DOI 10.1111/mec.16310PMC PMC9299799
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Abstract

Landscape genetics commonly focuses on the effects of environmental resistance on animal dispersal patterns, but there is an emerging focus on testing environmental effects on emigration and settlement choices. In this study, we used landscape genetics approaches to quantify dispersal patterns in the world's largest crocodilian, the saltwater crocodile ( Crocodylus porosus ), and demonstrated environmental influences on three processes that comprise dispersal: emigration, movement and settlement. We found that both environmental resistance and properties of the source and destination catchments (proportion of breeding habitat) were important factors influencing observed dispersal events. Our habitat quality variables related to hypotheses about resource competition and represented the ratio of breeding habitat (which limits carrying capacity), suggesting that competition for habitat influences emigration and settlement choices, together with the strong effect of environmental resistance to movement (where high‐quality habitat was associated with greatest environmental permeability). Approximately 42% of crocodiles were migrants from populations other than their sampling locations and some outstandingly productive populations had a much higher proportion of emigration rather than immigration. The distance most commonly travelled between source and destination was 150–200 km although a few travelled much longer distances, up to 600–700 km. Given the extensive dispersal range, individual catchments or hydrographic regions that combine two or three adjacent catchments are an appropriate scale for population management.

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  • Recent studies employing genome-wide SNP data have demonstrated substantial phylogeographic structure within C. porosus in Australia, indicating restricted gene flow and regional adaptation.

    “Recent studies employing genome-wide SNP data [68][69][70] have demonstrated substantial phylogeographic structure within C. porosus in Australia, indicating restricted gene flow and regional adaptation.”

    From Mitogenomic Crocodylia phylogeny and population structure of <i>Crocodylus porosus</i> including the extinct Seychelles crocodile (2026) · cites this paper as [68]

    The Results, ‘Genetic diversity and population structure’ (page unavailable), report SNP-based differentiation and isolation by distance among northern Australian crocodiles, consistent with geographically limited gene flow. But individuals clustered only loosely by location, so ‘substantial phylogeographic structure’ overstates the finding; the cited paper does not establish regional adaptation. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Cited by

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Authors
Fukuda, Y., Moritz, C., Jang, N., Webb, G., Campbell, H., Christian, K., Lindner, G., & Banks, S.
Affiliations
  • Australian National University (AU)
  • Namchul Photography Palmerston Northern Territory Australia
  • Wildlife Management International (NZ)
  • Charles Darwin University (AU)
  • Australian Government (AU)
Corresponding author
Banks, Sam
ORCID
Venue
Molecular Ecology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-12-17
Volume
31
Issue
4
Pages
1076-1092
ISSN
  • 0962-1083 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-294X
DOI
10.1111/mec.16310
PMC
PMC9299799
OpenAlex
W3214929294
Cited by
25
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
FWCI
2.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2022-04-25)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Molecular Ecology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • ACT Herpetological Association
  • Charles Darwin University
  • Australian National University
  • National Geographic Society (51‐16)
  • Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment (Grant/Award Number: HWRE2016R2027NEW)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Amphibian and Reptile Biology
Keywords
saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, dispersal, environmental resistance, habitat quality, emigration, settlement, breeding habitat, resource competition, carrying capacity, landscape genetics, population management, catchment scale
MeSH terms
Alligators and Crocodiles, Animals, Climate, Ecosystem, Animal Distribution

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