Using Compulsory Mobility to Identify School Quality and Peer Effects
Abstract
Education production functions that feature school and student fixed effects are identified using students' school mobility. However, student mobility is driven by factors like parents' labour market shocks and divorce. Movers experience large achievement drops, are more often minority and free meal students, and sort endogenously into peer groups and school types. We exploit an English institutional feature whereby some students must change schools between grades 2 and 3. We find no evidence of endogenous sorting of such compulsory movers across peer groups or school types. Non‐compulsory movers bias school quality estimates downward by as much as 20% of a SD.
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There is more than three times as much variation in outcomes between pupils as there is between schools.
“Kramarz, Machin, and Ouazad (2015) conclude that there is more than three times as much variation in outcomes between pupils as there is between schools”
From Educational Inequality* (2022) · cites this paper as Kramarz, Machin, and Ouazad (2015)
Cites
On the Specification and Estimation of the Production Function for Cognitive Achievement
Todd, P. E., & Wolpin, K. I. (2003) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00097 · Cited by 1,514 · see citing works
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Blanden, J., Doepke, M., & Stuhler, J. (2022) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w29979 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Kramarz et al. (2015) conclude that there is more than three times as much variation in outcomes between pupils as there is between schools, and Agrawal et al. (2019) observe that the share of variation”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Kramarz, F., Machin, S., & Ouazad, A.
- Affiliations
- CREST CEPR and IZA Boulevard Gabriel Péri 92240 Malakoff Cedex France
- Centre for Economic Policy Research (GB)
- INSEAD (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Machin, Stephen
- Ouazad, Amine
- Venue
- Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-07-28
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 566-587
- ISSN
- 0305-9049 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-0084
- OpenAlex
- W2105118917
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 11.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Directorate-General for Research and Innovation
- Center for Economic Performance, London School of Economics
- CREST INSEE, Malakoff, France
- INSEAD
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Educational Assessment and Improvement
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- school quality, peer effects, education production function, academic performance, endogenous sorting, school type, parental divorce, minority students
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