Functional screening of willow alleles in A rabidopsis combined with QTL mapping in willow (S alix) identifies S x MAX 4 as a coppicing response gene
Open accessAbstract
Willows (Salix spp.) are important biomass crops due to their ability to grow rapidly with low fertilizer inputs and ease of cultivation in short-rotation coppice cycles. They are relatively undomesticated and highly diverse, but functional testing to identify useful allelic variation is time-consuming in trees and transformation is not yet possible in willow. Arabidopsis is heralded as a model plant from which knowledge can be transferred to advance the improvement of less tractable species. Here, knowledge and methodologies from Arabidopsis were successfully used to identify a gene influencing stem number in coppiced willows, a complex trait of key biological and industrial relevance. The strigolactone-related More AXillary growth (MAX) genes were considered candidates due to their role in shoot branching. We previously demonstrated that willow and Arabidopsis show similar response to strigolactone and that transformation rescue of Arabidopsis max mutants with willow genes could be used to detect allelic differences. Here, this approach was used to screen 45 SxMAX1, SxMAX2, SxMAX3 and SxMAX4 alleles cloned from 15 parents of 11 mapping populations varying in shoot-branching traits. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies were locus dependent, ranging from 29.2 to 74.3 polymorphic sites per kb. SxMAX alleles were 98%-99% conserved at the amino acid level, but different protein products varying in their ability to rescue Arabidopsis max mutants were identified. One poor rescuing allele, SxMAX4D, segregated in a willow mapping population where its presence was associated with increased shoot resprouting after coppicing and colocated with a QTL for this trait.
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The willow ortholog of MAX4 co-localizes with a QTL for shoot resprouting after coppicing.
“The willow ortholog of MAX4 co-localizes with a QTL for shoot resprouting after coppicing (Salmon et al., 2014).”
From Shaping plant architecture (2015) · cites this paper as Salmon et al., 2014
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Using Arabidopsis to Study Shoot Branching in Biomass Willow
Ward, S. P., Salmon, J., Hanley, S. J., Karp, A., & Leyser, O. (2013) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.113.218461 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
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Teichmann, T., & Muhr, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00233 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
“The willow ortholog of MAX4 co-localizes with aQTL for shoot resprouting after coppicing (Salmon et al., 2014).”
Background
- Authors
- Salmon, J., Ward, S. P., Hanley, S. J., Leyser, O., & Karp, A.
- Affiliations
- Rothamsted Research (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Karp, Angela
- Venue
- Plant Biotechnology Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-01-07
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 480-491
- ISSN
- 1467-7644 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-7652
- PMC
- PMC4238783
- OpenAlex
- W1982200807
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Plant Biotechnology Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Repository) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Repository) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Funders
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government (NF0424)
- Gatsby Charitable Foundation
- University of Cambridge
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/C/00004956, E006833/1, BB/E007007/2, BB/J004278/1, BBS/E/C/00005199, BB/E006833/1, BB/E007007/1, NF0424)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Keywords
- willow, coppicing, strigolactones, MAX gene, shoot branching, stem number, QTL mapping, functional screening, allelic variation, energy crops, short rotation coppice
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Genetic Testing, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Proteins, Transformation, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Open Reading Frames, Sequence Alignment, Genes, Plant, Arabidopsis, Plant Shoots, Salix, Quantitative Trait Loci
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