The DOI matches its Crossref record; 344 of the 344 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Practical Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines, 4th Edition
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This is the fourth edition of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS; aka reflex sympathetic dystrophy). METHODS: Expert practitioners in each discipline traditionally utilized in the treatment of CRPS systematically reviewed the available and relevant literature; due to the paucity of levels 1 and 2 studies, less rigorous, preliminary research reports were included. The literature review was supplemented with knowledge gained from extensive empirical clinical experience, particularly in areas where high-quality evidence to guide therapy is lacking. RESULTS: The research quality, clinical relevance, and "state of the art" of diagnostic criteria or treatment modalities are discussed, sometimes in considerable detail with an eye to the expert practitioner in each therapeutic area. Levels of evidence are mentioned when available, so that the practitioner can better assess and analyze the modality under discussion, and if desired, to personally consider the citations. Tables provide details on characteristics of studies in different subject domains described in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: In the humanitarian spirit of making the most of all current thinking in the area, balanced by a careful case-by-case analysis of the risk/cost vs benefit analysis, the authors offer these "practical" guidelines.
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“These aim to reduce fear of movement, to modify unhelpful beliefs and catastrophic thinking about CRPS, [13] and to support the patient in working towards valued goals.”
From Symptom reduction and improved function in chronic CRPS type 1 after 12-week integrated, interdisciplinary therapy (2019) · cites this paper as [13]
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3 retracted
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Deer, T. R., Mekhail, N. A., Provenzano, D. A., Pope, J. E., Krames, E. S., Leong, M. S., Levy, R. M., Abejón, D., Buchser, E., Burton, A., et al. (2014) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12208 · Cited by 606
Self-citationComplex regional pain syndrome
Bruehl, S. P. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h2730 · Cited by 414
Self-citationComplex regional pain syndrome: a narrative review for the practising clinician
Shim, H., Rose, J. B., Halle, S. G., & Shekane, P. (2019) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.030 · Cited by 271
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Practical Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines, 5th Edition
Harden, R. N., McCabe, C., Göebel, A., Massey, M., Suvar, T., Grieve, S., & Bruehl, S. P. (2022) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnac046 · Cited by 263
Self-citationDoggweiler, R., Whitmore, K. E., Meijlink, J. M., Drake, M. J., Frawley, H., Nordling, J., Hanno, P., Fraser, M. O., Homma, Y., Garrido, G., et al. (2017) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.23072 · Cited by 230
Metadata
- Authors
- Harden, R. N., Oaklander, A. L., Burton, A. W., Perez, R. S. G. M., Richardson, K., Swan, M., Barthel, J., Costa, B., Graciosa, J. R., & Bruehl, S.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (US)
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harden, R. Norman
- ORCID
- Bruehl, Stephen
- Venue
- Pain Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 180-229
- ISSN
- 1526-2375 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-4637
- OpenAlex
- W1756373912
- Cited by
- 534
- References
- 343
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 12
- FWCI
- 58.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Boston Scientific Corporation
- Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Peripheral Nerve Disorders
- Keywords
- complex regional pain syndrome, diagnostic criteria, treatment options, level of evidence, risk-benefit assessment, chronic pain
- MeSH terms
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists, Analgesics, Opioid, Anesthetics, Local, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Anticonvulsants, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Humans, Occupational Therapy, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Rehabilitation, Vocational, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Complex Regional Pain Syndromes, Physical Therapy Modalities, Bone Density Conservation Agents, Recreation Therapy
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