A latent state‐trait analysis of interoceptive accuracy
Abstract
Interoceptive accuracy (IAc), that is, the ability to accurately perceive one's own bodily signals, is widely assumed to be a trait, although experimental manipulations such as stress may affect IAc. We used structural equation modeling to estimate the reliability of IAc, and the proportions of individual differences in IAc, explained by a trait and occasion-specific effects of situation and person-situation interactions. We assessed IAc in 59 healthy participants (40 women, M Age = 23.4 years) on three consecutive measurement occasions, approximately 1 week apart, in a rest and poststress condition, using a heartbeat counting and a heartbeat discrimination task. The results showed fair temporal stability (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.38) and good reliability (Mdn = .63; range .49-.83) for both methods. While around 40% of the variance of a single IAc measurement could be explained by a trait, approximately 27% was accounted for by occasion-specific effects of situation and person-situation interaction. These results suggest that IAc measures are relatively consistent and that situations and person-situation interactions impact IAc as measured at a certain point in time. An aggregation across at least two measurements is recommended when using IAc as a trait variable.
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Temporal changes in heartbeat counting task performance may be due to changes across time in physiological or psychological factors that are not interoceptive.
“Whilst this may suggest that differing degrees of interoceptive accuracy are a product of an individual’s state, rather than a stable trait (Wittkamp et al., 2018), it is possible that temporal changes in this task may be due to changes across time in physiological or psychological factors that are not interoceptive.”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Wittkamp et al., 2018
Cites
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Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body
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Knowing your own heart: Distinguishing interoceptive accuracy from interoceptive awareness
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Methodological recommendations for a heartbeat detection-based measure of interoceptive sensitivity
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Heartbeat perception in social anxiety before and during speech anticipation
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Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review
Brewer, R., Murphy, J., & Bird, G. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Ainley, V., Tsakiris, M., Pollatos, O., Schulz, A., & Herbert, B. M. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107870 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relationship between heartbeat counting and heartbeat discrimination: A meta-analysis
Hickman, L., Seyedsalehi, A., Cook, J. L., Bird, G., & Murphy, J. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107949 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The practice of meditation is not associated with improved interoceptive awareness of the heartbeat
Khalsa, S. S., Rudrauf, D., Hassanpour, M. S., Davidson, R. J., & Tranel, D. (2020) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13479 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wittkamp, M. F., Bertsch, K., Vögele, C., & Schulz, A.
- Affiliations
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- University of Luxembourg (LU)
- Corresponding author
- Schulz, André
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-01-16
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e13055-e13055
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- OpenAlex
- W2784282768
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10
- FWCI
- 5.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Luxembourg Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- interoceptive accuracy, latent state-trait models, person-situation interaction, temporal stability, measurement reliability, stress, heartbeat counting, body signals, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electrocardiography, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Individuality, Male, Personality, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, Interoception
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