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Cited by 4Plant nutrient uptake and metabolismNitrogen and Sulfur Effects on BrassicaAmino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism

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Pine has two glutamine synthetase paralogs, GS1b.1 and GS1b.2, exhibiting distinct biochemical properties

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Valderrama‐Martín, José Miguel, Ortigosa, Francisco, Aledo, Juan Carlos, Ávila, Concepción, Cánovas, Francisco M., Cañas, Rafael A.·2023·The Plant Journal
DOI 10.1111/tpj.16113

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Abstract

SUMMARY: The enzyme glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) is mainly responsible for the incorporation of inorganic nitrogen into organic molecules in plants. In the present work, a pine ( Pinus pinaster ) GS1 ( PpGS1b.2 ) gene was identified, showing a high sequence identity with the GS1b.1 gene previously characterized in conifers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the presence of PpGS1b.2 is restricted to the genera Pinus and Picea and is not found in other conifers. Gene expression data suggest a putative role of PpGS1b.2 in plant development, similar to other GS1b genes from angiosperms, suggesting evolutionary convergence. The characterization of GS1b.1 and GS1b.2 at the structural, physicochemical, and kinetic levels has shown differences even though they have high sequence homology. GS1b.2 had a lower optimum pH (6 vs. 6.5) and was less thermally stable than GS1b.1. GS1b.2 exhibited positive cooperativity for glutamate and substrate inhibition for ammonium. However, GS1b.1 exhibited substrate inhibition behavior for glutamate and ATP. Alterations in the kinetic characteristics produced by site‐directed mutagenesis carried out in this work strongly suggest an implication of amino acids at positions 264 and 267 in the active center of pine GS1b.1 and GS1b.2 being involved in affinity toward ammonium. Therefore, the amino acid differences between GS1b.1 and GS1b.2 would support the functioning of both enzymes to meet distinct plant needs.

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Metadata

Authors
Valderrama‐Martín, J. M., Ortigosa, F., Aledo, J. C., Ávila, C., Cánovas, F. M., & Cañas, R. A.
Affiliations
Universidad de Málaga (ES)
Corresponding author
Cañas, Rafael A.
ORCID
Venue
The Plant Journal
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-02-04
Volume
113
Issue
6
Pages
1330-1347
ISSN
  • 0960-7412 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-313X
DOI
10.1111/tpj.16113
OpenAlex
W4317568126
Cited by
4
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1
FWCI
0.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Plant Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (University of Málaga) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (University of Málaga) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Agencia de Innovación y Desarrollo de Andalucía (BIO‐114, P20_00036 PAIDI 2020/FEDER, UE)
  • Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (BIO2015‐73512‐JIN MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE, BIO2015‐69285‐R, RTI2018‐094041‐B‐I00)
  • Universidad de Málaga (B4‐2021‐01, UMAJI11)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Nitrogen and Sulfur Effects on Brassica
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
Keywords
glutamine synthetase, Pinus pinaster, paralogs, conifers, nitrogen assimilation, enzyme kinetics, substrate inhibition, cooperativity, thermal stability, pH optimum, active site residues, site-directed mutagenesis, phylogenetic analysis, gene expression, plant development, convergent evolution
MeSH terms
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase, Phylogeny, Glutamic Acid, Pinus, Ammonium Compounds

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Pine has two glutamine synthetase paralogs, GS1b.1 and GS1b.2, exhibiting distinct biochemical properties. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/tpj.16113
The paper
Valderrama‐Martín, J. M., Ortigosa, F., Aledo, J. C., Ávila, C., Cánovas, F. M., & Cañas, R. A. (2023). Pine has two glutamine synthetase paralogs, GS1b.1 and GS1b.2, exhibiting distinct biochemical properties. The Plant Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.16113