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ON THE ACT OF BLINKING
Abstract
1. It is shown, by an investigation of the movements of blinking in the normal individual, that the distribution of interblink periods (intervals between successive blinks measured in seconds) is remarkably constant for the individual under constant experimental conditions. 2 The movements are not reflex, and do not depend on the integrity of the second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixth cranial nerves. They are centrally controlled, and dependent on intermittent impulses passing from the region of the basal ganglia. 3. The rate of blinking is closely related to the “mental tension” of the subject at the time, and in all probability the movements constitute a kind of relief mechanism, whereby nervous energy, otherwise unutilised, passes into a highly facilitated path.
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Cited by
DeepVision: Deepfakes Detection Using Human Eye Blinking Pattern
Jung, T., Kim, S., & Kim, K. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.2988660 · Cited by 326
Using task-induced pupil diameter and blink rate to infer cognitive load.
Chen, S., & Epps, J. (2014) · Human–Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/07370024.2014.892428 · Cited by 200
“…previous studies (Veltman & Gaillard, 1998; Chen, Epps & Chen, 2011b; Recarte et al., 2008) which also use an arithmetic task, and can be explained by a relief mechanism (Ponder & Kennedy, 1927), that is, when the ‘mental tension’ cannot find an internal or external outlet, blink rate increases.”
Eye Blink Rate Based Detection of Cognitive Impairment Using in-the-wild Data
Alzahrani, F., Mirheidari, B., Blackburn, D., Maddock, S., & Christensen, H. (2021) · 2021 9th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII) · doi:10.1109/acii52823.2021.9597424 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Ponder, E., & Kennedy, W. P.
- Venue
- Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1927-07-13
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 89-110
- ISSN
- 0370-2901 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2089040462
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: ON THE ACT OF BLINKING. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1113/expphysiol.1927.sp000433
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- Ponder, E., & Kennedy, W. P. (1927). ON THE ACT OF BLINKING. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1927.sp000433
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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
