Cited by 29Bladed Disk Vibration DynamicsTurbomachinery Performance and OptimizationAeroelasticity and Vibration Control

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Dynamic Loading on Turbofan Blades Due to Bird-Strike

Sinha, Sunil K., Turner, Kevin E., Jain, Nitesh·2011·Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

Abstract

In the present paper, a hydrodynamic bird material model made up of water and air mixture is developed, which produces good correlation with the measured strain-gauge test data in a panel test. This parametric bird projectile model is used to generate the time-history of the transient dynamic loads on the turbofan engine blades for different size birds impacting at varying span locations of the fan blade. The problem is formulated in 3D vector dynamics equations using a nonlinear trajectory analysis approach. The analytical derivation captures the physics of the slicing process by considering the incoming bird in the shape of a cylindrical impactor as it comes into contact with the rotating fan blades modeled as a pretwisted plate with a camber. The contact-impact dynamic loading on the airfoil produced during the bird-strike is determined by solving the coupled nonlinear dynamical equations governing the movement of the bird-slice in time-domain using a sixth-order Runge-Kutta technique. The analytically predicted family of load time-history curves enables the blade designer to readily identify the critical impact location for peak dynamic loading condition during the bird-ingestion tests mandated for certification by the regulatory agencies.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1115/1.4004126

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 43

  1. Code of Federal Regulations: Aeronautics and Space, 1990, Art. 33.76, Vol. 14, Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Record Administration, Washington, DC.
  2. Georgiadis, Bird-Strike Simulation for Certification of the Boeing 787 Composite Moveable Trailing Edge, Compos. Struct., 86, 258, 10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.03.025 · DOI
  3. Niering, Simulation of Bird Strikes on Turbine Engines, ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 112, 573, 10.1115/1.2906207 · DOI
  4. Martin, Nonlinear Finite-Element Analysis to Predict Fan Blade Damage Soft Body Impact, J. Propul., 86, 445, 10.2514/3.25455 · DOI
  5. Vasco, Fan Blade Bird-Strike Analysis and Design
  6. Jain, Bird Impact Analysis of Pre-Stressed Fan Blades using Explicit Finite Element Code, 7
  7. Frischbier, Multiple Stage Turbofan Bird Ingestion Analysis with ALE and SPH Methods
  8. Shmotin, Bird Strike Analysis of Aircraft Engine Fan
  9. McCarthy, Modeling of Bird-Strike on an Aircraft Wing Leading Edge Made From Fiber Metal Laminates, Appl. Compos. Mater., 11, 317, 10.1023/B:ACMA.0000037134.93410.c0 · DOI
  10. Goyal, Robust Bird-Strike Modeling Based on ALE Formulation Using LS-DYNA, 18
  11. Schwer, Impact of a 3D Woven Textile Composite Thin Panel: Damage and Failure Modeling, Mech. Compos. Mater. Struct., 6, 9, 10.1080/107594199305638 · DOI
  12. Langrand, Assessment of Multi-Physics Fe Methods for Bird Strike Modelling - Application to a Metallic Riveted Airframe, Int. J. Crashworthiness, 7, 415, 10.1533/cras.2002.0227 · DOI
  13. Anghileri, Birdstrike onto the Composite Intake of a Turbofan Engine
  14. McCallum, The Influence of Bird-Shape in Bird-Strike Analysis
  15. Johnson, Numerical Prediction of Damage in Composite Structures From Soft Body Impacts, J. Mater. Sci., 41, 6622, 10.1007/s10853-006-0201-x · DOI
  16. Smojver, Numerical Simulation of Bird Strike Damage Prediction in Airplane Flap Structure, Compos. Struct., 92, 2016, 10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.12.006 · DOI
  17. Guida, Design and Testing of a Fiber-Metal-Laminate Bird-Strike-Resistant Leading Edge, J. of Aircr., 46, 2121, 10.2514/1.43943 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Sinha, Soft-Body Impact on Jet Engine Components Made-Up of Composites
  19. Kermanidis, Bird Strike Simulation on a Novel Composite Leading Edge Design, Int. J. Crashworthiness, 11, 189, 10.1533/ijcr.2005.0389 · DOI
  20. McCarthy, Modelling Bird Impacts on an Aircraft Wing - Part 1: Material Modelling of the Fibre Metal Laminate Leading Edge Material With Continuum Damage Mechanics, Int. J. Crashworthiness, 10, 41, 10.1533/ijcr.2005.0324 · DOI
  21. Xinjun, Dynamic Response Analysis of Bird Strike on Aircraft Windshield Based on Damage-Modified Nonlinear Viscoelastic Constitutive Relation, Chin. J. Aeronaut., 20, 511, 10.1016/S1000-9361(07)60075-2 · DOI
  22. Guida, Analysis of Bird Impact on a Composite Tailplane Leading Edge, Appl. Compos. Mater., 15, 241, 10.1007/s10443-008-9070-6 · DOI
  23. Hanssen, A Numerical Model for Bird Strike of Aluminum Foam-Based Sandwich Panels, Int. J. Impact Eng., 32, 1127, 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2004.09.004 · DOI
  24. Airoldi, Modelling of Impact Forces and Pressures in Lagrangian Bird Strike Analyses, Int. J. Impact Eng., 32, 1651, 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2005.04.011 · DOI
  25. Teichman, Analytical and Experimental Simulation of Fan Blade Behavior and Damage Under Bird Impact, ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 113, 582, 10.1115/1.2906281 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Mao, Transient Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of a Bird Striking a Fan Blade, Int. J. Mech. Mater. Des., 4, 79, 10.1007/s10999-008-9067-1 · DOI
  27. Lavoie, Review of Existing Numerical Methods and Validation Procedure Available for Bird Strike Modeling, Int. Conf. Comp. Exp. Eng. Sci.. (ICCES), 2, 111, 10.3970/icces.2007.002.111 · DOI
  28. Nizampatnam, Models and Methods for Bird Strike Load Predictions
  29. Khulief, Numerical Modeling of Impulsive Events in Mechanical Systems, Int. J. Model. Simulat., 30, 80, 10.2316/Journal.205.2010.1.205-5090 · DOI
  30. Shivkumar, Prediction of Impact Force and Duration Due to Low-Velocity Impact on Circular Composite Laminates, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 52, 674, 10.1115/1.3169120 · DOI
  31. Sinha, Dynamic Bending Stresses in Thin Elastic Plates Due to Impact by Spherical Projectile
  32. Doyle, Experimentally Determining the Contact Force During the Transverse Impact of an Orthotropic Plate, J. Sound Vib., 118, 441, 10.1016/0022-460X(87)90363-4 · DOI
  33. Hemmi, Prediction of the Foreign-Object Impact Force on the Composite Fan Blade, 101
  34. Wilbeck, The Development of a Substitute Bird Model, ASME J. Eng. Power, 103, 725, 10.1115/1.3230795 · DOI
  35. Kim, Modeling Hail Ice Impacts and Predicting Impact Damage Initiation in Composite Structures, AIAA J., 38, 1278, 10.2514/2.1099 · DOI
  36. Fehlberg, New High Order Runge-Kutta Formulas With Stepsize Control for Systems of First- and Second Order Differential Equations, ZAMM, 44, 17, 10.1002/zamm.19660460102 · DOI
  37. Olsson, Closed Form Prediction of Peak Load and Delamination Onset Under Small Mass Impact, Compos. Struct., 59, 341, 10.1016/S0263-8223(02)00244-1 · DOI
  38. Van Paepegema, Use of Projection Moiré for Measuring the Instantaneous Out-of-Plane Deflections of Composite Plates Subject to Bird Strike, Opt. Lasers Eng., 46, 527, 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2008.02.010 · DOI
  39. Timoshenko, Theory of Plates and Shells, 378
  40. Sinha, Natural Frequencies of a Pre-Twisted Blade in a Centrifugal Force Field, J. Sound Vib., 330, 2655, 10.1016/j.jsv.2010.12.017 · DOI
  41. Chen, Boundary Stabilization of Donnell’s Shallow Circular Cylindrical Shell, J. Sound Vib., 209, 265, 10.1006/jsvi.1997.1247 · DOI
  42. Sinha, Combined Torsional-Bending-Axial Dynamics of a Twisted Rotating Cantilever Timoshenko Beam With Contact-Impact Loads at the Free End, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 74, 505, 10.1115/1.2423035 · DOI
  43. Sinha, Dynamic Loads in the Fan Containment Structure of a Turbofan Engine, ASCE J. Aerospace Eng., 22, 260, 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(260) · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Sinha, S. K., Turner, K. E., & Jain, N.
Affiliations
  • General Electric (United States) (US)
  • Bangalore Engineering Center, JFWTC, Whitefield Road, Bangalore-560066, Karnataka, India
Venue
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
Published
2011-09-01
Volume
133
Issue
12
ISSN
  • 0742-4795 (ISSN-L)
  • 1528-8919
OpenAlex
W1971688810
Cited by
29
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
FWCI
4.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Bladed Disk Vibration Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control
Keywords
bird strikes, dynamic loading, air-water mixture, impact location, bird ingestion

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review