The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Sound Spectrograph
Abstract
The sound spectrograph is a wave analyzer which produces a permanent visual record showing the distribution of energy in both frequency and time. This paper describes the operation of this device and shows the mechanical arrangements and the electrical circuits in a particular model. Some of the problems encountered in this type of analysis are discussed, particularly those arising from the necessity for handling and portraying a wide range of component levels in a complex wave such as speech. Spectrograms are shown for a wide variety of sounds, including voice sounds, animal and bird sounds, music, frequency modulations, and miscellaneous familiar sounds.
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“The real breakthrough was the sound spectrograph, invented at Bell Telephone Laboratories in the late 1930s. For the first time, researchers could produce continuous spectrograms—plotting frequency against time—and measure communication signals quantitatively”
From Listening forward: emerging roles of bioacoustics in ecology, evolution, and conservation (2026) · cites this paper as Koenig et al. 1946
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Listening forward: emerging roles of bioacoustics in ecology, evolution, and conservation
Zsebők, S. (2026) · Biologia Futura · doi:10.1007/s42977-026-00322-5
“For the first time, researchers could produce continuous spectrograms—plot-ting frequency against time—and measure communication signals quantitatively (Braun 2017; Koenig et al. 1946).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Koenig, W., Dunn, H. K., & Lacy, L. Y.
- Affiliations
- Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., New York, New York
- ORCID
- Koenig, W.
- Venue
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
- Publisher
- Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
- Published
- 1946-07-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 244-244
- ISSN
- 0001-4966 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-8524
- OpenAlex
- W2082094527
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Music › Music Technology and Sound Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Speech and Audio Processing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Music and Audio Processing
- Keywords
- sound spectrograph, spectrogram, speech sounds, animal sounds, bird vocalizations, frequency modulation, mechanical design, electrical circuits
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