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Effects of speaking rate on the single/geminate stop distinction in Japanese
Abstract
This study addressed an issue in the theory of acoustic invariance. The question was whether an invariant acoustic property exists for distinguishing Japanese single and geminate voiceless stops across rates and speakers. Four native Japanese speakers produced disyllabic words with single and geminate stops (e.g., /kako/ and /kak:o/) spoken in a carrier sentence at three speaking rates. Durations of sentences, words, stop closures, vowels preceding the contrasting stops, and voice onset times were measured. Ratios of geminate to single stop closures, geminate words to singleton words, closures to preceding vowels, and closures to words were calculated. The effect of rate on closure duration was to yield overlap between the singleton and geminate categories, and to lengthen geminate closures more than single closures as rate decreased. However, the ratio of geminate to single closure duration was unaffected by rate. Furthermore, the ratio of closure to word duration (0.35 as an optimal boundary) best classified all singleton and geminate tokens with 95.7%–98% accuracy. Thus, in spite of overlap in absolute closure duration between single and geminate voiceless stops, there is a relationally invariant measure that divides the two phonemic categories across rates and speakers, supporting the theory of relational acoustic invariance.
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Research works printed but not linked: 39
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hirata, Y., & Whiton, J.
- Affiliations
- Colgate University (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
- Publisher
- Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
- Published
- 2005-09-01
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1647-1660
- ISSN
- 0001-4966 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-8524
- OpenAlex
- W2001406200
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Colgate University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Voice and Speech Disorders
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Linguistic Variation and Morphology
- Keywords
- speech rate, geminate stops, voiceless stops, Japanese consonants, acoustic invariance, closure duration, phoneme discrimination, voice onset time, vowel duration, word duration, disyllabic words
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Phonation, Phonetics, Regression Analysis, Speech Acoustics, Speech Production Measurement, Time Factors
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