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Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS)
Abstract
A new measure of motivation toward sport has been developed in French, namely the Echelle de Motivation vis-à-vis les Sports. Two studies were conducted to translate and validate this new measure in English. The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) consists of seven subscales that measure three types of Intrinsic Motivation (IM; IM to Know, IM to Accomplish Things, and IM to Experience Stimulation), three forms of regulation for Extrinsic Motivation (Identified, Introjected, and External), and Amotivation. The first study confirmed the factor structure of the scale and revealed a satisfactory level of internal consistency. Correlations among the subscales revealed a simplex pattern confirming the self-determination continuum and the construct validity of the scale. Gender differences were similar to those obtained with the French-Canadian version. The more self-determined forms of motivation were associated with more positive responses on related consequences. In a second study, the SMS was administered on two occasions and revealed adequate test-retest reliability.
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Citations
Cited by
Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Vallerand, R. J. (1997) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60019-2 · Cited by 3,198
Self-citationVallerand, R. J., Fortier, M. S., & Guay, F. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.5.1161 · Cited by 1,549
Self-citationThe coach–athlete relationship: a motivational model
Mageau, G. A., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/0264041031000140374 · Cited by 1,405
Self-citationGagné, M., Forest, J., Vansteenkiste, M., Crevier-Braud, L., van den Broeck, A., Aspeli, A. K., Bellerose, J., Benabou, C., Chemolli, E., Güntert, S. T., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2013.877892 · Cited by 1,051
A self-determination approach to the understanding of motivation in physical education
Ntoumanis, N. (2001) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709901158497 · Cited by 1,031
Metadata
- Authors
- Pelletier, L. G., Tuson, K. M., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Briére, N. M., & Blais, M. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-53
- ISSN
- 0895-2779 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2904
- OpenAlex
- W2117084729
- Cited by
- 1,548
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 11.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1123/jsep.17.1.35
- The paper
- Pelletier, L. G., Tuson, K. M., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Briére, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.1.35
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