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Vitamin D Supplementation and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Adolescent Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Observational studies identified associations between vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25(OH)D > 30ng·ml−1) and risk of upper respiratory infection (URI). Swimmers are highly prone to URIs, which might hinder their performance. The aim of this study was to examine if vitamin D 3 supplementation reduces URI burden in vitamin D-insufficient swimmers. Fifty-five competitive adolescent swimmers with vitamin D insufficiency were randomized to receive vitamin D 3 (2,000IU·d 4) or placebo for 12 winter weeks. A URI symptom questionnaire was completed weekly. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by radio-immunoassay before and after supplementation. We used linear regression to examine the relation between the change in 25(OH)D concentrations during the trial, and the duration and severity of URIs. There were no between-group differences in the frequency, severity, or duration of URIs. Exploratory analyses revealed that in the placebo group only, the change in 25(OH)D concentrations during the trial was highly associated with the duration of URIs (r = −0.90,p > .001), and moderately associated with the severity of URIs (r = −0.65,p = .043). The between-group differences for duration were highly significant. Vitamin D 3 supplementation in adolescent swimmers with vitamin D insufficiency did not reduce URI burden. However, larger decreases in serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with significantly longer and more severe URI episodes.
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“These unfavorable trends have also found among adolescent swimmers indicating that the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was ranged from 66.2% to 67.1% [11,12].”
From The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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Martineau, A. R., Jolliffe, D. A., Hooper, R. L., Greenberg, L., Aloia, J. F., Bergman, P., Dubnov-Raz, G., Esposito, S., Ganmaa, D., Ginde, A. A., et al. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i6583 · Cited by 2,040
Self-citationVitamin D for the prevention of disease: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline
Demay, M. B., Pittas, A. G., Bikle, D. D., Diab, D. L., Kiely, M. E., Lazaretti-Castro, M., Lips, P., Mitchell, D. M., Murad, M. H., Powers, S., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae290 · Cited by 639
Jolliffe, D. A., Camargo, C. A., Sluyter, J. D., Aglipay, M., Aloia, J. F., Ganmaa, D., Bergman, P., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Borzutzky, A., Damsgaard, C. T., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00051-6 · Cited by 547
Self-citationFarrokhyar, F., Sivakumar, G., Savage, K., Koziarz, A., Jamshidi, S., Ayeni, O. R., Peterson, D., & Bhandari, M. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0749-4 · Cited by 76
Vlieg‐ Boerstra, B., de Jong, N., Meyer, R., Agostoni, C., De Cosmi, V., Grimshaw, K., Milani, G. P., Muraro, A., Oude Elberink, H., Pali‐ Schöll, I., et al. (2022) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.15136 · Cited by 75
Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Calleja-González, J., Urdampilleta, A., León-Guereño, P., Córdova, A., Caballero-García, A., & Fernandez-Lázaro, D. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10121968 · Cited by 60
Seo, M.-W., Song, J. K., Jung, H. C., Kim, S.-W., Kim, J.-H., & Lee, J.-M. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16183422 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Dubnov-Raz, G., Hemilä, H., Cohen, A. H., Rinat, B., Choleva, L., & Constantini, N. W.
- Affiliations
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital
- University of Helsinki
- Clalit Health Services
- Hadassah Medical Center
- Tel Aviv University
- Venue
- Pediatric Exercise Science
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 113-119
- ISSN
- 0899-8493
- 1543-2920
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 0
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
