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Quantitative Evaluation of the Expression and Activity of Five Major Sulfotransferases (SULTs) in Human Tissues: The SULT “Pie”
Open accessAbstract
Expression levels of the major human sulfotransferases (SULTs) involved in xenobiotic detoxification in a range of human tissues (i.e., SULT "pies") are not available in a form allowing comparison between tissues and individuals. Here we have determined, by quantitative immunoblotting, expression levels for the five principal human SULTs-SULT1A1, SULT1A3/4, SULT1B1, SULT1E1, and SULT2A1-and determined the kinetic properties toward probe substrates, where available, for these enzymes in cytosol samples from a bank of adult human liver, small intestine, kidney, and lung. We produced new isoform-selective antibodies against SULT1B1 and SULT2A1, which were used alongside antibodies against SULT1A3 and SULT1A1 previously produced in our laboratory or available commercially (SULT1E1). Expression levels were derived using purified recombinant enzymes to construct standard curves for each individual isoform and immunoblot. Substantial intertissue and interindividual differences in expression were observed. SULT1A1 was the major enzyme (>50% of total, range 420-4900 ng/mg cytosol protein) in the liver, followed by SULT2A1, SULT1B1, and SULT1E1. SULT1A3 was completely absent from this tissue. In contrast, the small intestine contained the largest overall amount of SULT of any of the tissues, with SULT1B1 the major enzyme (36%), closely followed by SULT1A3 (31%), and SULT1A1, SULT1E1, and SULT2A1 more minor forms (19, 8, and 6% of total, respectively). The kidney and lung contained low levels of SULT. We provide a unique data set that will add value to the study of the role and contribution of sulfation to drug and xenobiotic metabolism in humans.
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“As SULT2A1 expression is mainly limited to the liver, adrenal, colon and kidney (Riches et al., 2009), glucuronidation is the more important conjugation reaction in androgen target tissue.”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Riches et al., 2009
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“The liver also shows high SULT expression and activity compared to other tissues, including SULT2A1 and SULT2B1 involved in androgen metabolism (Meloche and Falany, 2001, Riches et al., 2009).”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Riches et al., 2009
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PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT
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“Immunochemical quantification of expression profiles has been carried out for the cytochromes P450 (P450s) in liver (Shimada et al., 1994) and intestine (Paine et al.”
BackgroundMethodTHE HUMAN INTESTINAL CYTOCHROME P450 “PIE”
Paine, M. F., Hart, H. L., Ludington, S. S., Haining, R. L., Rettie, A. E., & Zeldin, D. C. (2006) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.105.008672 · Cited by 870
Human Sulfotransferases and Their Role in Chemical Metabolism
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Sulfonation and molecular action
Strott, C. A. (2002) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2001-0040 · Cited by 487
Kester, M. H. A., Bulduk, S., Tibboel, D., Meinl, W., Glatt, H. R., Falany, C. N., Coughtrie, M. W. H., Bergman, Å., Safe, S. H., Kuiper, G. G. J. M., et al. (2000) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.141.5.7530 · Cited by 384
Sulfotransferases in the bioactivation of xenobiotics
Glatt, H. R. (2000) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00202-7 · Cited by 355
A proposed nomenclature system for the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) superfamily
Blanchard, R. L., Freimuth, R. R., Buck, J., Weinshilboum, R. M., & Coughtrie, M. W. H. (2004) · Pharmacogenetics · doi:10.1097/00008571-200403000-00009 · Cited by 320
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Metadata
- Authors
- Riches, Z., Stanley, E. L., Bloomer, J. C., & Coughtrie, M. W. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Venue
- Drug Metabolism and Disposition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2255-2261
- ISSN
- 0090-9556 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2774979
- OpenAlex
- W2155462152
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 16.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Drug Metabolism and Disposition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/S/B/2004/11767)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- sulfotransferase, SULT1A1, SULT1A3, SULT1B1, SULT1E1, SULT2A1, sulfation, xenobiotic detoxification, tissue-specific enzyme expression, interindividual variability, enzyme kinetics, human liver, small intestine, kidney, lung, drug metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Enzyme Activation, Female, Humans, Intestine, Small, Isoenzymes, Kidney, Liver, Lung, Male, Middle Aged, Tissue Distribution, Sulfotransferases, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Young Adult
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