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Cited by 152Planetary Science and ExplorationAstro and Planetary ScienceGeological and Geochemical Analysis

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Compositionally and density stratified igneous terrain in Jezero crater, Mars

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Wiens, Roger C., Udry, Arya, Beyssac, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Mangold, Nicolas, Cousin, Agnès, Mandon, Lucia, Bosak, Tanja, Forni, Olivier, McLennan, Scott M., Sautter, Violaine, Brown, Adrian, Benzerara, Karim, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Mayhew, Lisa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Anderson, Ryan B., Clegg, Samuel M., Crumpler, Larry, Gabriel, Travis S. J., Gasda, Patrick, Hall, James, Horgan, Briony H. N., Kah, Linda, Legett, Carey, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Ollila, Ann M., Poulet, Francois, Royer, Clement, Sharma, Shiv K., Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, Justin I., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E., Alvarez-Llamas, Cesar, Angel, S. Michael, Arana, Gorka, Beck, Pierre, Bernard, Sylvain, Bertrand, Tanguy, Bousquet, Bruno, Castro, Kepa, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Cloutis, Ed, Connell, Stephanie, Dehouck, Erwin, Dromart, Gilles, Fischer, Woodward, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gupta, Sanjeev, Hausrath, Elisabeth M., Jacob, Xavier, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Leveille, Richard, Lopez Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McConnochie, Tim, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mimoun, David, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Murdoch, Naomi, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Rapin, William, Rull, Fernando, Schröder, Susanne, Shuster, David L., Smith, Rebecca J., Stott, Alexander E., Tarnas, Jesse, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Vogt, David S., Weiss, Benjamin P., Willis, Peter, Stack, Kathryn M., Williford, Kenneth H., Farley, Kenneth A., The SuperCam Team·2022·Science Advances
DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abo3399PMC PMC9410274
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Abstract

Before Perseverance, Jezero crater’s floor was variably hypothesized to have a lacustrine, lava, volcanic airfall, or aeolian origin. SuperCam observations in the first 286 Mars days on Mars revealed a volcanic and intrusive terrain with compositional and density stratification. The dominant lithology along the traverse is basaltic, with plagioclase enrichment in stratigraphically higher locations. Stratigraphically lower, layered rocks are richer in normative pyroxene. The lowest observed unit has the highest inferred density and is olivine-rich with coarse (1.5 millimeters) euhedral, relatively unweathered grains, suggesting a cumulate origin. This is the first martian cumulate and shows similarities to martian meteorites, which also express olivine disequilibrium. Alteration materials including carbonates, sulfates, perchlorates, hydrated silicates, and iron oxides are pervasive but low in abundance, suggesting relatively brief lacustrine conditions. Orbital observations link the Jezero floor lithology to the broader Nili-Syrtis region, suggesting that density-driven compositional stratification is a regional characteristic.

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  • RMI images of non-abraded targets show granular textures, with isotropic distributions of mostly fine (<1mm) to medium (<5mm) grain-sizes, as observed in most Séítah rocks.

    “Regarding the carbonate detected in non-abraded targets, the RMI images contextualizing spectroscopic analyses show granular textures, with isotropic distributions of mostly fine (&lt;1mm) to medium (&lt;5mm) grain-sizes, as observed in most Séítah rocks (Beyssac etal.,2023; Wiens etal.,2022).”

    From Carbonate Detection With SuperCam in Igneous Rocks on the Floor of Jezero Crater, Mars (2023) · cites this paper as Wiens et al., 2022

    The Results (Morphology and textures; page unavailable) describe granular Séítah rocks and RMI-derived grain sizes averaging 1.45 ± 0.20 mm, supporting the general texture and millimeter-scale grain-size comparison. They do not establish an isotropic distribution or the stated fine-to-medium grain-size breakdown for the carbonate-bearing non-abraded targets. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Authors
Wiens, R. C., Udry, A., Beyssac, O., Quantin-Nataf, C., Mangold, N., Cousin, A., Mandon, L., Bosak, T., Forni, O., McLennan, S. M., Sautter, V., Brown, A., Benzerara, K., Johnson, J. R., Mayhew, L., Maurice, S., Anderson, R. B., Clegg, S. M., Crumpler, L., Gabriel, T. S. J., Gasda, P., Hall, J., Horgan, B. H. N., Kah, L., Legett, C., Madariaga, J. M., Meslin, P.-Y., Ollila, A. M., Poulet, F., Royer, C., Sharma, S. K., Siljeström, S., Simon, J. I., Acosta-Maeda, T. E., Alvarez-Llamas, C., Angel, S. M., Arana, G., Beck, P., Bernard, S., Bertrand, T., Bousquet, B., Castro, K., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Cloutis, E., Connell, S., Dehouck, E., Dromart, G., Fischer, W., Fouchet, T., Francis, R., Frydenvang, J., Gasnault, O., Gibbons, E., Gupta, S., Hausrath, E. M., Jacob, X., Kalucha, H., Kelly, E., Knutsen, E., Lanza, N., Laserna, J., Lasue, J., Le Mouélic, S., Leveille, R., Lopez Reyes, G., Lorenz, R., Manrique, J. A., Martinez-Frias, J., McConnochie, T., Melikechi, N., Mimoun, D., Montmessin, F., Moros, J., Murdoch, N., Pilleri, P., Pilorget, C., Pinet, P., Rapin, W., Rull, F., Schröder, S., Shuster, D. L., Smith, R. J., Stott, A. E., Tarnas, J., Turenne, N., Veneranda, M., Vogt, D. S., Weiss, B. P., Willis, P., Stack, K. M., Williford, K. H., Farley, K. A., & The SuperCam Team
Affiliations
  • Los Alamos National Laboratory (US)
  • University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France.
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
  • Stony Brook University (US)
  • Plancius Research, Severna Park, MD, USA.
  • Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (US)
  • University of Colorado Boulder (US)
  • United States Geological Survey (US)
  • New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science (US)
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
  • University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
  • University of the Basque Country (ES)
  • Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
  • Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris-PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, Meudon, France.
  • University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
  • RISE Research Institutes of Sweden (SE)
  • Johnson Space Center (US)
  • Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain.
  • University of South Carolina (US)
  • The University of Winnipeg (CA)
  • Lyon 1 Université (FR)
  • California Institute of Technology (US)
  • Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
  • McGill University (CA)
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR)
  • Universidad de Málaga (ES)
  • Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, CNES, Toulouse, France.
  • Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, CNRS UMR 6112, Nantes Université, Université d’Angers, Université du Mans, Nantes, France.
  • McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
  • Research Group ERICA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
  • Universidad de Valladolid (ES)
  • Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain.
  • University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
  • University of Massachusetts Lowell (US)
  • Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO) (FR)
  • Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author
Wiens, Roger C.
ORCID
Venue
Science Advances
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
2022-08-26
Volume
8
Issue
34
Pages
eabo3399-eabo3399
ISSN
2375-2548 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1126/sciadv.abo3399
PMC
PMC9410274
OpenAlex
W4293794344
Cited by
152
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 10
FWCI
12.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Science Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • elib (German Aerospace Center) (acceptedVersion)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Communities in ADDI (University of the Basque Country) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Funders
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-19-CE31-0030)
  • Swedish National Space Agency (2021-00092)
  • Canadian Space Agency
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Keywords
Jezero Crater, Mars, density stratification, compositional stratification, pyroxene, SuperCam, carbonate alteration, iron oxide, hydrated silicates, perseverance

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