The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How Viruses Spread Among Computers and People
Abstract
The spread of diseases in human and other populations can be described in terms of networks, where individuals are represented by nodes and modes of contact by edges. Similar models can be applied to the spread of viruses on the Internet. In their Perspective, Lloyd and May discuss the similarities and differences between the dynamics of computer viruses and infections of human and other populations.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“their spread was shown to follow the epidemic nature of their real counterparts [311]”
From Fundamental constraints to the logic of living systems (2024) · cites this paper as [311]
Citations
Cites
Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks
Watts, D. J., & Strogatz, S. H. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30918 · Cited by 43,060
Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks
Barabási, A.-L., & Albert, R. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5439.509 · Cited by 36,135
Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control
(1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-2-174_4 · Cited by 7,819
Error and attack tolerance of complex networks
Albert, R., Jeong, H., & Barabási, A.-L. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35019019 · Cited by 7,534
Error and attack tolerance of complex networksPreprint
Albert, R., Jeong, H., & Barabási, A.-Ĺ. (2000) · Cited by 6,554
Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control
Anderson, R. M., & May, R. M. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198545996.001.0001 · Cited by 6,179
Self-citationEpidemic Spreading in Scale-Free Networks
Pastor‐Satorras, R., & Vespignani, A. (2001) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.86.3200 · Cited by 5,785
On power-law relationships of the Internet topology
Faloutsos, M., Faloutsos, P., & Faloutsos, C. (1999) · ACM SIGCOMM Conference (SIGCOMM) · doi:10.1145/316188.316229 · Cited by 4,279
Diameter of the World-Wide Web
Albert, R., Jeong, H., & Barabási, A.-Ĺ. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43601 · Cited by 4,240
Classes of small-world networks
Amaral, L. A. N., Scala, A., Barthélémy, M., & Stanley, H. E. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.200327197 · Cited by 3,051
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- May R. M., Gupta S., McLean A. R., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Bin press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 660
Patterns of genetic variation in populations of infectious agents
Gordo, I., & Campos, P. R. A. (2007) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-116 · Cited by 17
Solé, R. V., Josep Sardanyés, A., & Elena, S. F. (2021) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/ac2ab0 · Cited by 16
Epidemic spreading on uniform networks with two interacting diseases
Feng, Y. W., Fan, Q., Ma, L., & Ding, L. (2013) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2013.08.080 · Cited by 16
Shiino, T., Hattori, J., Yokomaku, Y., Iwatani, Y., Sugiura, W., & Japanese Drug Resistance HIV-1 Surveillance Network (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102633 · Cited by 16
Multitarget search on complex networks: A logarithmic growth of global mean random cover time
Weng, T., Zhang, J., SMALL, M. P., Yang, J., Bijarbooneh, F. H., & Hui, P. (2017) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/1.4990866 · Cited by 18
Computation of time probability distributions for the occurrence of uncertain future events
Acuña-Ureta, D. E., Orchard, M. E., & Wheeler, P. W. (2020) · Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.107332 · Cited by 16
Basic reproduction number for the SIR epidemic in degree correlated networks
Wang, Y., Ma, J., & Cao, J. (2022) · Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena · doi:10.1016/j.physd.2022.133183 · Cited by 16
How central are clients in sexual networks created by commercial sex?
Hsieh, C., Kovářík, J., & Logan, T. D. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep07540 · Cited by 16
EFFECTS OF MOTION ON EPIDEMIC SPREADING
Buscarino, A., Stefano, A. D., Fortuna, L., Frasca, M., & Latora, V. (2010) · International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos · doi:10.1142/s0218127410026058 · Cited by 16
Controlling collective dynamics in complex minority-game resource-allocation systems
Zhang, J., Huang, Z., Dong, J., Huang, L., & Lai, Y. (2013) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.87.052808 · Cited by 16
Pathogen genetic variation in small-world host contact structures
Campos, P. R. A., & Gordo, I. (2006) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2006/12/l12003 · Cited by 16
Modeling the Complex Internet Topology
Zhou, M., Yang, J., Liu, H., & Wu, J. (2009) · Journal of Software · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1001.2009.00109 · Cited by 22
Epidemic Spreading in Technological Networks
Léveillé, J. (2002) · Cited by 16
Is Oprah Contagious? Identifying Demand Spillovers in Online NetworksPreprint
Carmi, E., Oestreicher-Singer, G., & Sundararajan, A. (2010) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1694308 · Cited by 16
Identification and forecasts of financial bubbles
Yan, W. (2011) · Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) · doi:10.3929/ethz-a-006683212 · Cited by 16
Influential simplices mining via simplicial convolutional networks
Zeng, Y., Huang, Y., Wu, Q., & Lü, L. (2024) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103813 · Cited by 15
Variability of contact process in complex networks
Gong, K., Tang, M., Yang, H., & Shang, M. (2011) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/1.3664403 · Cited by 15
Yuan, H., Liu, G., & Chen, G. (2012) · Applied Mathematics and Computation · doi:10.1016/j.amc.2012.07.059 · Cited by 15
Social hotspot propagation dynamics model based on heterogeneous mean field and evolutionary games
Li, Q., Song, C., Wu, B., Xiao, Y., & Wang, B. (2018) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2018.05.100 · Cited by 14
An information spreading model based on relative weight in social network
Jin-long, W., Fang-Ai, L., & Zhu, Z. (2015) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.64.050501 · Cited by 15
Role-Aware Information Spread in Online Social Networks
Bartal, A., & Jagodnik, K. M. (2021) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e23111542 · Cited by 17
Reinfection induced disease in a spatial SIRI model
Song, L., Jin, Z., & Sun, G. (2010) · Journal of Biological Physics · doi:10.1007/s10867-010-9204-6 · Cited by 15
Investigating Bimodal Clustering in Human Mobility
Bagrow, J. P., & Koren, T. (2009) · doi:10.1109/cse.2009.283 · Cited by 17
TRAPPING PROBLEM OF THE WEIGHTED SCALE-FREE TRIANGULATION NETWORKS FOR BIASED WALKS
Dai, M., Ju, T., Zong, Y., He, J., Shen, C., & Su, W. (2018) · Fractals · doi:10.1142/s0218348x19500282 · Cited by 15
A robust complex network generation method based on neural networks
Sohn, I. (2019) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2019.02.046 · Cited by 15
Critical properties of the SIS model dynamics on the Apollonian network
da Silva, L. F., Filho, R. N. C., Cunha, A., Macedo-Filho, A., Serva, M., Fulco, U. L., & Albuquerque, E. L. (2013) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2013/05/p05003 · Cited by 15
Modeling the Complex Internet Topology
Miao, Z., Jiahai, Y., Liu, H., & Wu, J. (2009) · Cited by 15
Network resilience against intelligent attacks constrained by the degree-dependent node removal cost
Annibale, A., Coolen, A. C. C., & Ginestra Bianconi, A. (2010) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical · doi:10.1088/1751-8113/43/39/395001 · Cited by 15
Network centrality for the identification of biomarkers in respondent-driven sampling datasets
Grubb, J., Lopez, D., Mohan, B., & Matta, J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256601 · Cited by 15
Socievole, A., Rango, F. D., Scoglio, C., & Mieghem, P. V. (2016) · Computer Networks · doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2016.04.016 · Cited by 14
Dashtbali, M., Malek, A., & Mirzaie, M. (2020) · Optimal Control Applications and Methods · doi:10.1002/oca.2650 · Cited by 14
COVID-19 Risk Assessment for the Tokyo Olympic Games
Zhu, W., Feng, J., Li, C., Wang, H., Zhong, Y., Zhou, L. J., Zhang, X., & Zhang, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.730611 · Cited by 14
Tejedor, V., Bénichou, O., Metzler, R., & Voituriez, R. (2011) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical · doi:10.1088/1751-8113/44/25/255003 · Cited by 14
Effect of gene-expression bursts on stochastic timing of cellular events
Ghusinga, K. R., & Singh, A. (2017) · Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference/Proceedings of the American Control Conference · doi:10.23919/acc.2017.7963265 · Cited by 14
Cooperative epidemics spreading under resource control
Li, J., Yang, C., Fu, C., Gao, Y.-C., & Yang, H. (2018) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/1.5049550 · Cited by 14
Network models and the interpretation of prolonged infection plateaus in the COVID19 pandemic
Komarova, N. L., Azizi, A., & Wodarz, D. (2021) · Epidemics · doi:10.1016/j.epidem.2021.100463 · Cited by 18
Random walks on networks: Cumulative distribution of cover time
Zlatanov, N., & Kocarev, L. (2009) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.80.041102 · Cited by 14
Reaction-diffusion processes and epidemic metapopulation models in complex networks
Vespignani, A. (2008) · The European Physical Journal B · doi:10.1140/epjb/e2008-00302-y · Cited by 14
Mendes, R. V. (2005) · International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos · doi:10.1142/s0218127405012715 · Cited by 14
Source localization in signed networks with effective distance
马, Z.-W. 志. M., 孙, L. 蕾. S., 丁, Z.-G. 智. D., 黄, Y.-Z. 宜. H., & 胡, Z.-L. 兆. H. (2023) · Chinese Physics B · doi:10.1088/1674-1056/ad1482 · Cited by 13
On the Observability of a Linear System With a Sparse Initial State
Joseph, G., & Murthy, C. R. (2018) · IEEE Signal Processing Letters · doi:10.1109/lsp.2018.2830966 · Cited by 13
Trajectory-to-Trajectory Fluctuations in First-Passage Phenomena in Bounded Domains
Mattos, T. G., Mejía-Monasterio, C., Metzler, R., Oshanin, G., & Schehr, G. (2014) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789814590297_0009 · Cited by 13
Toward Effective Vaccine Deployment: A Systematic Study
Liu, J., & Xia, S. (2011) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-011-9734-x · Cited by 13
Sexual networks in contemporary Western societies
Liljeros, F. (2004) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2004.02.046 · Cited by 13
Pfeffer, J., & Carley, K. M. (2013) · International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management · doi:10.1142/s0219877013400221 · Cited by 13
A Dynamic Trust Model for the Multi-agent Systems
li, B., Xing, M., Zhu, J., & Che, T. (2008) · International Symposium on Information Processing · doi:10.1109/isip.2008.101 · Cited by 13
Persistent heterogeneity not short-term overdispersion determines herd immunity to COVID-19Preprint
Tkachenko, A. V., Maslov, S., Elbanna, A. E., Wong, G. N., Weiner, Z. J., & Goldenfeld, N. D. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.26.20162420 · Cited by 13
Controlling Uncertainty of Empirical First-Passage Times in the Small-Sample Regime
Bebon, R., & Godec, A. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.131.237101 · Cited by 12
Wu, Z., Hou, B., Zhang, H., & Jin, F. (2014) · International Journal of Modern Physics B · doi:10.1142/s0217979214501112 · Cited by 12
The combined impact of external computers and network topology on the spread of computer viruses
Gan, C., Yang, X., Zhu, Q., & Jin, J. G. (2014) · International Journal of Computer Mathematics · doi:10.1080/00207160.2014.888421 · Cited by 12
A Review of Microblogging Marketing Based on the Complex Network Theory
Wang, R., Jin, Y., & Li, F. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8849-2_134 · Cited by 12
An improved local immunization strategy for scale-free networks with a high degree of clustering
Xia, L., Jiang, G., Song, Y., & Song, B. (2017) · The European Physical Journal B · doi:10.1140/epjb/e2016-70334-9 · Cited by 12
Localization of diffusion sources in complex networks: A maximum-largest method
Hu, Z.-L., Shen, Z., Han, J., Peng, H., Lu, J., Jia, R., Zhu, X., & Zhao, D. (2019) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2019.121262 · Cited by 12
Locating Sources in Multiplex Networks for Linear Diffusion Systems
Hu, Z.-L., Han, J., Peng, H., Lu, J., Zhu, X., Jia, R., & Li, M. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnse.2022.3186159 · Cited by 12
Mathematical expressions for epidemics and immunization in small-world networks
Yu, X., Wang, X.-Y., Duan-Ming, Z., Liang, F., & Wu, X. (2007) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2007.08.060 · Cited by 12
Measurement Bounds for Observability of Linear Dynamical Systems Under Sparsity Constraints
Joseph, G., & Murthy, C. R. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2019.2899812 · Cited by 12
Novel fake news spreading model with similarity on PSO-based networks
Fan, D., Jiang, G., Song, Y., & Li, Y.-W. (2020) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2020.124319 · Cited by 12
Kasprzyk, R. (2012) · Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology · doi:10.26636/jtit.2012.2.1270 · Cited by 12
Probabilistic Discrete‐Time Models for Spreading Processes in Complex Networks: A Review
Granell, C., Gómez, S., Gómez‐Gardeñes, J., & Arenas, À. (2024) · Annalen der Physik · doi:10.1002/andp.202400078 · Cited by 11
Epidemic metapopulation model with traffic routing in scale-free networks
Huang, W., & Chen, S. (2011) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2011/12/p12004 · Cited by 11
Vespignani, A. (2005) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys183 · Cited by 11
Epidemic Spreading in Complex Networks with Resilient Nodes: Applications to FMD
Kim, P., & Lee, C. H. (2018) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2018/5024327 · Cited by 11
Network formed by traces of random walks
Ikeda, N. (2007) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2007.01.006 · Cited by 11
Muller’s ratchet in random graphs and scale-free networks
Campos, P. R. A., Combadão, J., Dionísio, F., & Gordo, I. (2006) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.74.042901 · Cited by 11
Exact solutions of epidemic models on networksPreprint
Newman, M. E. J. (2002) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0201433 · Cited by 11
Herrera, J. L., Tildesley, M. J., Shea, K., & Ferrari, M. J. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010354 · Cited by 10
Phylodynamic analysis of a viral infection network
Shiino, T. (2012) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00278 · Cited by 10
The topology of between-herd cattle contacts in a mixed farming production system in western Kenya
Ogola, J. G., Fèvre, E. M., Gitau, G. K., Christley, R., Muchemi, G. M., & de Glanville, W. A. (2018) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.06.010 · Cited by 10
Majority-vote model with degree-weighted influence on complex networks
Kim, M., & Yook, S. (2021) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.103.022302 · Cited by 10
ESTIMATION OF POWER-LAW EXPONENT OF DEGREE DISTRIBUTION USING MEAN VERTEX DEGREE
Ikeda, N. (2009) · Modern Physics Letters B · doi:10.1142/s0217984909020230 · Cited by 10
Low prevalence, quasi-stationarity and power-law behavior in a model of contagion spreading
Montakhab, A., & Manshour, P. (2012) · Europhysics Letters (EPL) · doi:10.1209/0295-5075/99/58002 · Cited by 10
Wang, Y., Cao, J., Alsaedi, A., & Hayat, T. (2017) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/aa58a6 · Cited by 10
Predicting search time when hunting for multiple moving targets: A recursive harmonic law
Weng, T., Zhang, J., SMALL, M. P., Yang, H., & Hui, P. (2018) · Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science · doi:10.1063/1.5004730 · Cited by 10
Exact enumeration approach to first-passage time distribution of non-Markov random walks
Baghram, S., Nikakhtar, F., Tabar, M. R. R., Rahvar, S., Sheth, R. K., Lehnertz, K., & Sahimi, M. (2019) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.99.062101 · Cited by 10
The Influence of Risk Perception in Epidemics: A Cellular Agent Model
Sguanci, L., Lió, P., & Bagnoli, F. (2006) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11861201_38 · Cited by 10
On extreme points of the diffusion polytope
Hay, M. J., Jeremy Schiff, B., & Fisch, N. J. (2017) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2017.01.038 · Cited by 9
Nonstandard Finite Difference Scheme for a Computer Virus Model
KOCABIYIK, M., ÖZDOĞAN, N., & ONGUN, M. Y. (2020) · Journal of Innovative Science and Engineering (JISE) · doi:10.38088/jise.705728 · Cited by 9
Expanded Koch networks: structure and trapping time of random walks
Hou, B., Zhang, H., & Liu, L. (2013) · The European Physical Journal B · doi:10.1140/epjb/e2013-30905-x · Cited by 9
Peng, J., & Xu, G. (2014) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2014/04/p04032 · Cited by 9
A Computational Legal Analysis of Acte Clair Rules of EU Law in the Field of Direct Taxes
Schaper, M. (2014) · World Tax Journal · doi:10.59403/1cebmmz · Cited by 9
Virus spreading on complex networks with imperfect immunization
Wang, Y., & Guo-Ping, J. (2010) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.59.6734 · Cited by 9
Wang, X., Yang, Q. S., Liu, M., & Ma, X. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251208 · Cited by 9
A Dynamic Immunity-Based Model for Computer Virus Detection
Zhang, Y. L., Li, T., & Qin, R. (2008) · International Symposium on Information Processing · doi:10.1109/isip.2008.129 · Cited by 9
Optimal immunisation of complex networksPreprint
Pastor‐Satorras, R., & Vespignani, A. (2001) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 9
Source localization in signed networks based on dynamic message passing algorithm
Jiang, Z., Hu, Z.-L., & Huang, F. (2024) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2024.115532 · Cited by 8
Impact of initial lattice structures on networks generated by traces of random walks
Ikeda, N. (2010) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2010.03.027 · Cited by 8
Public Opinion Propagation Model on Social Networks
Zhao, J., Cheng, J., & Gao, H. (2014) · International Joint Conference on Computational Sciences and Optimization (CSO) · doi:10.1109/cso.2014.68 · Cited by 8
Cost of fairness in disease spread control
Vijayshankar, A., & Roy, S. (2012) · IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) · doi:10.1109/cdc.2012.6426109 · Cited by 8
Weng, T., Zhang, J., SMALL, M. P., Harandizadeh, B., & Hui, P. (2018) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.97.032320 · Cited by 8
Spreading of epidemics in complex networks with infective medium and spreading delay
Wang, Y., & Guo-Ping, J. (2010) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.59.6725 · Cited by 8
Type reproduction number for epidemic models on heterogeneous networks
Morita, S. (2021) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2021.126514 · Cited by 8
Liljeros, F. (2009) · Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_275 · Cited by 8
The structure of real-world networks
Newman, M. E. J. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198805090.003.0010 · Cited by 7
On the numerical study of percolation and epidemic critical properties in networks
Castellano, C., & Pastor‐Satorras, R. (2016) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 7
Merbis, W., de Mulatier, C., & Corboz, P. (2023) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.108.024303 · Cited by 7
MEAN FIRST PASSAGE TIME OF RANDOM WALKS ON THE GENERALIZED PSEUDOFRACTAL WEB
Li, L., Sun, W., Chen, J., & Wang, G. (2013) · Modern Physics Letters B · doi:10.1142/s021798491350070x · Cited by 7
IMMUNIZATION FOR COMPLEX NETWORK BASED ON THE EFFECTIVE DEGREE OF VERTEX
HU, K., & TANG, Y. (2012) · International Journal of Modern Physics B · doi:10.1142/s021797921250052x · Cited by 7
Yashima, K., & Sasaki, A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162406 · Cited by 7
A memetic algorithm for determining the nodal attacks with minimum cost on complex networks
Yang, Z., & Liu, J. (2018) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2018.08.132 · Cited by 7
Lowest-degree preference random walks on complex networks
Wang, Y., Cao, X., Weng, T., Yang, H., & Gu, C. (2021) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2021.126075 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Lloyd, A. L., & May, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Advanced Study (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- ORCID
- Lloyd, Alun L.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2001-05-18
- Volume
- 292
- Issue
- 5520
- Pages
- 1316-1317
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2110919848
- Cited by
- 661
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 13.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Applied Mathematics › Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence
- Keywords
- computer viruses, virus transmission, epidemic modeling, contact networks, disease transmission to humans, network models
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Computers, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Models, Biological, Social Environment, Virus Diseases, Neural Networks, Computer, Virus Physiological Phenomena, Internet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review