The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Age Estimates of Globular Clusters in the Milky Way: Constraints on Cosmology
Abstract
Recent observations of stellar globular clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy, combined with revised ranges of parameters in stellar evolution codes and new estimates of the earliest epoch of globular cluster formation, result in a 95% confidence level lower limit on the age of the Universe of 11.2 billion years. This age is inconsistent with the expansion age for a flat Universe for the currently allowed range of the Hubble constant, unless the cosmic equation of state is dominated by a component that violates the strong energy condition. This means that the three fundamental observables in cosmology—the age of the Universe, the distance-redshift relation, and the geometry of the Universe—now independently support the case for a dark energy–dominated Universe.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Measurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High‐Redshift Supernovae
Perlmutter, S., Aldering, G., Goldhaber, G., Knop, R. A., Nugent, P., Castro, P. G., Deustua, S., Fabbro, S., Goobar, A., Groom, D. E., et al. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/307221 · Cited by 18,062
The cosmological density of baryons from observations of 3He+ in the Milky Way
Bania, T. M., Rood, R. T., & Balser, D. S. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415054a · Cited by 253
Cited by
Spergel, D. N., Verde, L., Peiris, H. V., Komatsu, E., Nolta, M. R., Bennett, C. L., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G., Jarosik, N., Kogut, A., et al. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/377226 · Cited by 10,976
The Discovery and Analysis of Very Metal-Poor Stars in the Galaxy
Beers, T. C., & Christlieb, N. (2005) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.134057 · Cited by 1,223
Neutron-Capture Elements in the Early Galaxy
Sneden, C., Cowan, J. J., & Gallino, R. (2008) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145207 · Cited by 968
Freedman, W. L., & Madore, B. F. (2010) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101829 · Cited by 390
Aspects of the cosmological “coincidence problem”
Velten, H. E. S., vom Marttens, R. F., & Zimdahl, W. (2014) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-3160-4 · Cited by 338
Metadata
- Authors
- Krauss, L. M., & Chaboyer, B.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2003-01-03
- Volume
- 299
- Issue
- 5603
- Pages
- 65-69
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2112173033
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 15.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Age Estimates of Globular Clusters in the Milky Way: Constraints on Cosmology. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1126/science.1075631
- The paper
- Krauss, L. M., & Chaboyer, B. (2003). Age Estimates of Globular Clusters in the Milky Way: Constraints on Cosmology. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1075631
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
